378 Lxxvir. CowPOSITE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Jurinea. 
root, branched or simple below, corymbose above. Leaves 2-4 in., sessile, j-amplexi- 
caul, linear-obovate or subspathulate, toothed, base narrowed. Heads 1-3 in., narrow, 
pedicelled, fascicled in compound corymbs, erect, pale ; corollas about 5, rose-purple.— 
Roxburgh observes that it is not uncommon to see fields of this as thiek as if the 
plants were sown by a careful farmer. 
91. JURINEA, Cass. 
Annual or perennial herbs. Zeaves entire toothed or pinnatifid, rarely 
armed, more or less tomentose. Heads homogamous; flowers all ğ , similar, 
purple; tube slender, limb elongate 5-fid to the middle or lower. Znvol. bracts 
oo-seriate, imbricate, innermost narrow erect, outer shorter; receptacle flat, 
densely bristly, Filaments free, glabrous; anther-bases sagittate, auricles 
usually connate, tails elongate. Style-arms short. Achenes glabrous, 4-5-angled, 
rarely compressed, smooth or 1-3-ribbed between the angles, basal areole nearly 
straight; pappus hairs oo-seriate, very unequal, rigid, simple barbellate or 
feathery, persistent or deciduous.—Disrrip, About 40 species, Europe, and W. 
and Central Asia. 
l. J. ceratocarpa, Benth. in Gen. Plant. ii. 47 4; scaberulous, stemless 
or stem erect much branched, leaves linear-oblong or lanceolate entire or pinna- 
tifid green on both surfaces or white-tomentose beneath, heads sessile or termi- 
nating the branches 1-1} in. diam. bracteate by linear leaves, invol. bracts 
lanceolate acuminate, recept. bristles longer than the achenes, anther-tails long 
laciniate, achenes 4—5-angled, angles thickened ending in erect spines. Clarke 
Comp. Ind. 236. Saussurea ceratocarpa, Dene. in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 93, t.101, 
P S. stemmaphora, Klatt in Sitzungsb. Münch. Akad. 1878, 93. 
haen, alt. 9-15,000 ft., Falconer, Ze, 
Stem 0-2 ft., or plant branched from the base in the larger forms, branches very 
stout leafy. Leaves 2-5 in., radical and lower cauline usually runcinate, petioled ; 
upper sessile, base auricled. Heads stoutly pedicelled; outer inyol. bracts linear, 
green ; inner very slender, erect or recurved ; corolla jin. Achenesl in., rough, brown; 
outer pappus bristles few scabrid, inner very slender, J in., white. 
Var. depressa, Clarke mss.; stemless or nearly so. Saussurea acanthocarpa, 
Schultz- Bip. mss.—Western Tibet and Kashmir, alt. 13-15,000 ft., abundant; Gar- 
whal, at Gothing, alt. 13,500 ft., Strach. d Winterb. 
2. J. macrocephala, Benth. in Gen. Pl. ii. 474; stemless, leaves oblong- 
lanceolate pinnate or pinnatifid lobes broad lobulate or pinnatifid denticulate 
cobwebby or cottony above thickly white-tomentose beneath, heads many 3-1 
in, diam, sessile or shortly peduncled, outer invol. bracts ovate-lanceolate inner 
elliptic-lanceolate long-acuminate, recept. bristles united into laciniate eups, 
anther-tails lacerate, achenes large cuneate-obovate angled tubercled. Clarke 
Comp. Ind. 937. Dolomæa macrocephala, DC. in Guill. Arch. Bot. ii. 930; 
Prodr, vi. 542; JDeless. Ic. Sel. iv. t. 70; Royle IU. 251, t. 57. Serratula 
macrocephala, Wall, Cat. 2904. 
Western HIMALAYA ; from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 11-14,000 ft. 
Root woody, perennial. Leaves spreading, 6-18 by 13-7 in., long- or short-petioled, 
lobes or segments contiguous broad sometimes erisped, teeth acute or mucronate, 
Heads 3-30 ` peduncles stout, tomentose often cottony at the base; invol. bracts 1-11 
in., scabrid or smooth, erect, scarious ; recept. bristles very rigid, much shorter than 
the achenes; corolla 1-1} in. <Achenes 1-3 in., curved, compressed, unequally 4-5- 
angled, truncate, ashy grey; pappus copious, 1 in., brown, hairs cohering at the base. 
" The roots, called Dhup, are collected and used by Hindoos as incense.” Aitchison. 
3. J. modesta, Boiss, Fl, Orient. ii. 584; annual, cobwebby, stem 
branched from the base, branches short ascending ending in very long leafless 
