386 LXXVIII. compositz. (J. D. Hooker.) [Carthamus. 
tate, auricles connate, tails short fimbriate. Style-ams short or long. Achenes 
glabrous, obovoid, 4-angled or compressed, basal areole oblique or lateral, all or 
the outer only without pappus, or all or the inner only with paleaceous oo -seriate 
pappus.— Disrrizn. Species about 20, of the Mediterranean region extending into 
Asia. 
l. C. tinctorius, Linn.; Boiss. FI. Orient, iii. 709 ; glabrous or pubescent, 
leaves entire and unarmed or spinulose-serrate, outer invol. bracts ovate-oblong 
constricted above the base green spinous or not, inner ovate-oblong acute, flowers 
orange-red, achenes (often deformed) obovoid 4-angled truncate at the top with 
4 bosses, pappus 0. DC. Prodr. vi. 612; Reichb, Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 746; Roxb. 
Fl. Ind, iii, 400; Wall. Cat, 2959; Clarke Comp. Ind. 244. 
Cultivated throughout Ixp14.— The Safflower. 
.2. C. oxyacantha, Bieb.; Boiss. Fl. Orient, iii. 709; puberulous, stem 
and branches white, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate lower shortly spinulose- 
toothed upper }-amplexicaul very spinous, outer invol. bracts exceeding the 
head white below the contracted portion green above it with yellow spines, 
flowers orange-yellow, achenes obovoid 4-angled smooth shining truncate at the 
top with 4 bosses, pappus 0, DC. Prodr, vi. 612; Clarke Comp. Ind. 944. 
The Punsan; from Lahore westward, Royle, &c.-—Distris. Westward to the 
Caucasus. 
Perhaps the wild form of the Safflower, C. tinctorius (Clarke). 
3. C. lanatus, Linn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. ii, 706; very rigid, cobwebby 
cottony or glabrate, stem strict erect, leaves hispid or scaberulous, radical lyrate- 
pinnatifid, cauline ovate }-amplexicaul with an aurieled toothed base strongly 
3-nerved spinescent, heads large, outer invol. bracts large far exceeding the 
flowers lanceolate leafy spinescent on the sides, inner entire, flowers pale yellow, 
achenes thick very broad turbinate obtusely 4-angled smooth pus above, pap- 
pus longer than the achenes of narrow linear acute shining elastic pales. Bot. 
Mag. t. 2142; Clarke Comp. Ind. 707. Kentrophyllum lanatum, DC. Prodr. 
vi. 610. Carduncellus lanatus, Retchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 746, 
Kasiurm, alt, 5-6000 ft., Falconer, &e.—Distrie. Westward to the Atlantic. 
Stem 6-18 in. terete. Leaves 3-13 in., spreading, hard, green. Heads 1-1} in. 
diam. ; outer bracts 1-2 in., spreading ; lower linear, seariously coriaceous, brown, tip 
spinescent; recept. bristles very long. Achenes } in., pale yellowish or grey, pericarp 
crustaceous ` pappus pales narrowly sword-shaped, unequal, very beautiful, silvery or 
rich bronze-coloured, 
TRIBE X. MUTISIACEZ. 
07. LEVCOMERIS, Don. 
Shrubs or small trees. — Leaves alternate, broad, quite entire. Heads corym- 
bose, homogamous, discoid, 4—8-fld., white ; fl. all & , similar and fertile, tubular, 
segments D narrow revolute. Znvolucre much shorter than the flowers, ovoid ; 
bracts oo -seriate, ovate or lanceolate, coriaceous or dry, outer smaller; receptacle 
flat, naked. Anther-bases sagittate, auricles connate, tails ciliate. Style filiform, 
obtuse, 2-fid. -Achenes oblong, subterete, 5-ribbed, silky ; pappus copious, hairs 
very slender, scabrid, outer shorter.— DisrRrs. 2 Indian species, 
1. L. spectabilis, Don Prodr. 170; leaves elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate 
densely velvetty-tomentose beneath, invol. bracts few linear-oblong obtuse or 
acute glabrous, pappus pale. Wall, Pl. As. Rar. ii. 8, t. 3; DC. Prodr. vii. 95; 
JDeless. Ic, Sel. iv. t.78; Clarke Comp. Ind. 245. L. macrophylla, DC. 1. c. 
Eupatorium candicans, Wall. Cat. 2999. E. spectabile, Spreng. Syst. iii. 410, 
