392 LXXVIII. composir#. (J, D. Hooker.) [ Lapsana. 
Involucre cylindric-campanulate ; inner bracts subequal, herbaceous, fruiting 
harder and more convex or keeled, erect, outer few small; receptacle flat, 
naked. Achenes oblanceolate, curved subterete, 20-30-ribbed, ribs slender, 
base narrowed, top rounded; pappus 0,— DrsrRir. Species 3-4, European and 
Asiatic. 
1. L. communis, Linn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iii, 720; annual, glabrous or 
hispid below, stem paniculately branched leafy, lower leaves petioled lyrate, 
cauline ovate uppermost linear entire, heads corymbose } in. long glabrous, DC. 
Prodr. vii. 76; Reich, Ic, Fl. Germ, xix. t. 1352; Clarke Comp. Ind, 250. 
Kasumir ; alt. 5-6000 ft.—Disrrins. N. & W. Asia, Europe, N. Africa. 
Stem 1-2 ft. Leaves membranous, terminal lobe of radical sinuate-toothed, 
lateral small. Heads many; peduncle short, slender, naked; invol. bracts 8-10, 
linear, rigid, keeled, obtuse, glabrous or glandular. Achenes A in., pale, shining. 
105. RGLPINIA, Pal. 
A glabrous or puberulous weak annual. Leaves chiefly radical, linear, quite 
entire, Heads small, peduncled, yellow, homogamous; fl. all ligulate, 
Involucre cylindric; bracts 5-7, narrow, subequal, thin, base at length keeled, 
outer very few, small; receptacle naked. Achenes very long, much exceeding 
the bracts, spreading and incuryed, narrowly linear, ribbed, dorsal ribs with 
rows of glochidiate spines, 
1. X. linearis, Zull: Boiss. Fl. Orient. iii. 721; DC. Prodr. vii. 78 ; 
Jaub. § Spach. Ill, Vi. Orient. t. 286; Clarke Comp. Ind. 721. Rhagadiolus 
Koelpinia, Willd. Lapsana Keelpinia, Linn. 
The Draam, Kasmwin and Western Timer; alt. 214,000 ft., Jacquement, &e.— 
Distris, Central and Western Asia, N. Africa, S. Russia. 
Root slender. Stem 6-12 in. erect or decumbent, simple or branched, leafy. 
Leaves 2-6 by ¥5-} in. gradually narrowed at both ends. Heads 4-4 in. Achenes 
i-i in. ineurved like birds’ claws, puberulous, terminal spines stellate,.—In some 
Affghan specimens the dorsal spines are almost suppressed. 
106, RHAGADIOLUS, Juss. 
Annual, Leaves toothed or pinnatifid. Meads small, axillary in the forks 
or terminal, yellow, homogamous, fl. all ligulate. — Znrolucre subcampanulate ; 
bracts 1-seriate, at length keeled and embracing the outer achenes; receptacle 
naked. Achenes very long, much exceeding the bracts, ineurved, narrow, 
smooth, beaked, outer with a short pappus, inner with a paleaceous pappus.— 
DrsrRIs. Species 5, Mediterranean and Oriental, 
l. R. Hedypnois, Visch A Mey. Ind. iv. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 48; glabrous 
or sparsely hispid, diffuse, leaves obovate-oblong, stem and peduncles thickened 
in fruit, achenes glabrous. DC. Prodr. vii. 78. — Gastradiolus Hedypnois and 
angulosus, Jaub. & Spach Ill. Pl. Orient, iii. t. 264, 265; Boiss. Fl. Orient, iii, 
728. 
Kasmir, Falconer.—Distrin. Westwards to Asia Minor. 
Branches 2-8 in., all spreading from the root. Leaves 1-3 in., narrowed into the 
petiole, Heads 1—3 in.; invol. bracts small, subspinulose or smooth in fruit. Achenes 
1-3 in., narrowed from the base to the incurved tip, terete, smooth. 
107. PXCRIS, Linn. 
Erect, branched, hispid herbs. Zcaves alternate or radical, entire toothed or 
pinnatifid. Heads terminal, long-peduncled, homogamous, yellow; fl. all ligu- 
