402 LXXVII. CoMPOSITE. (J.D. Hooker.) ` [Tarazacum. 
9, T., Wattii, Mook. f.; crown woolly, leaves runcinate-pinnatifid gla- 
brous, a numerous pubescent above, heads broadly campanulate glabrous, 
outer invol. bracts few suberect or recurved, achenes white compressed acutely 
ribbed, ribs sparingly echinate, beak stout shorter than the body, base conical, 
Western HrwaraYA; Pangi, at Silundi, alt. 13,000 ft., Watt. 
Habit of a large specimen of 7. officinale. Heads broad, 1 in, diam. without the 
ligules. Znvol. bracts black when dry, inner 2 in. long, hardly clawed at the tip. 
Achenes not quite ripe, } in. long, silvery white; pappus } in.—I have seen but one 
specimen of this remarkable species. 
113. CHONDRILLA, Linn. 
Perennial herbs, Stem usually branched from the base; branches slender, 
cylindric, rigid or virgate. Leaves, radical pinnatifid, cauline often entire, 
Heads terminal, homogamous; fl. all ligulate, yellow. — Znvolucre cylindric ; 
bracts oo -seriate, outer usually very small, inner linear ; receptacle flat, naked. 
Achenes oblong, subterete, many-ribbed, toothed, or with a toothed ring below 
the beak, beak long and slender or short and stout; pappus hairs very slender, 
white, many-seriate, persistent or deciduous separately,—Drsrrip, Species about 
15, European and Oriental. 
1. C. graminea, M. Bieb.; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. ii. 809; Ie. t. 177; quite 
glabrous, branches many from the base very slender, cauline leaves filiform, 
heads 4 in. about 8-fld. hoary, invol. cylindric, outer bracts minute, inner narrow 
with white membranous margins, achenes slender obscurely toothed or quite 
smooth below the very slender beak which about equals the body. DC. Prodr. 
vii. 142. 
Western TrsgT; Karakoram mts., alt. 8-11,000 ft., Clarxe.—Disrrin. Siberia. 
Stems 2-8 ft. from a woody stock, dichotomously branched. Leaves, radical not 
seen, cauline 2-3 by A, in., flexuous, quite entire. Heads subcorymbose, peduncled. 
Achenes % in. long, ribbed, sometimes quite smooth where contracted into the beak ; 
pappus as long as the achenes, persistent, silvery. 
Var. kashmiriana ; leaves rather broader.—S. Kashmir at Ramoo, alt. 6000 ft., 
Clarke. 
2. €. setulosa, Clarke mss.; quite glabrous, much branched from the 
base, branches very slender, cauline leaves linear very narrow, margins naked 
with here and there a minute spine, heads j in. about 8-fld. hoary, involucre 
cylindric, outer bracts minute, inner narrow with a stout spinulose midrib 
thickening in fruit, achenes slender strongly toothed below the very slender beak 
which about equals the body. 
BaxrisTan ; at Shigar, alt. 8000 ft., Clarke. 
Habit of C. graminea, differing in the spinules on the midrib of the invol. bracts, 
and the muricate and toothed achenes. 
DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 
C. sr.?; much dichotomously branched, branches stout, leaves 1-2 in, linear- 
oblong obtuse obscurely denticulate, heads } in., base corky in fruit, invol. bracts 
with a thickened midrib which is here and there spinous.—Western Tibet, Shayuk 
valley, alt. 8-10,000 ft., Thomson. This may be a var. of C. setulosa, but there are 
no ripe achenes ; it also closely resembles C. juncea, L. 
114, LACTUCA, Linn. 
Glabrous or hispid milky herbs, eaves radical and alternate, entire toothed 
pinnatifid or pinnate, cauline often stem-clasping and auricled. Heads sessile or 
peduncled, panicled corymbose racemose or subspicate, homogamous, yellow 
purple or blue; fl. all ligulate. Involucre usually narrow ; bracts few- (rarely 
many-) seriate, thinly herbaceous, margins often membranous, fruiting unchanged 
