404. LXXVII. COMPOSITÆ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Lactuca. 
3. Le orientalis, Boiss. FI. Orient. iii, 819; perennial, glabrous, branches 
white with green wings, leaves small decurrent, lower pinnatifid with spreading 
or incurved triangular acute entire or toothed lobes, upper linear entire elliptic 
or oblanceolate, heads A in. long in spiked fascicles sessile, achenes narrow 
equalling the silvery deciduous pappus. L., viminea, Clarke Comp. Ind. 262, 
not of Schultz- Bip. Phenopus orientalis, Boiss. Voy. en Esp. 390, in note. 
Western Tiger; alt. 10-14,000 ft., Falconer, &e.—Distrip. Westward to Syria 
and Armenia. 
A much intricately branched shrubby herb, the branches often spinescent, con~ 
spieuous from the silvery white branches being winged by the decurrent bases of the 
leaves, the blades of most of which are undeveloped, Leaves 1-2 in., bright green. 
Heads solitary or in fascicles of 2-5. — Achenes } in., narrowed to both ends from the 
middle or a little above it, pale..—Affghan specimens have smaller heads and achenes 
than the Tibetan. The habit is that of Z. ramosissima, Gren, & Godr. (Reichb. Ic. 
Fl. Germ. 1419), but the achene is very different, 
Szcr. III. Herbs with radical leaves and erect rarely spreading (Z. Clarke?) 
leafy flowering-stems. Heads panicled, erect, rarely fi ascicled or drooping ; 
peduncle bracteate ; outer invol. bracts gradually passing into the inner; ligules 
yellow blue or purple. Achenes beaked ; pappus silvery. ( SOARIOLA.) 
* Beak of achene capillary, white. 
4. L. Scariola, Linn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iii. 500; annual or biennial, 
glabrous, tall, erect, very leafy, corymbosely or paniculately branched above, 
leaves suberect sessile runcinate-pinnatifid spinulose-toothed midrib prickly 
beneath, cauline }-amplexicaul sagittate, heads } in. long erect cylindric few-fld. 
panicled glabrous, outer invol. bracts triangular inner linear, achenes oblanceo- 
late many-ribbed ribs seabrid beak capillary about equalling the body. DC. 
Prodr. vii. 137; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 112]. 
Western Haut Aen ; from Marri to Kunawur, alt. 6-11,000 ft. WESTERN TIBET; 
alt. 9-12,000 ft.—Drsrris. Siberia and westwards to the British Isles and Canaries. 
Stem 2-5 ft., somewhat prickly. Leaves 5-7 iu., smooth except the midrib and 
nerves beneath. Inflorescence variable, sometimes 12 in. diam., with incurved ascend- 
ing corymbose branches, at others laxly paniculate; branches and peduneles white, 
with many appressed green cordate bracts. — nvol. bracts ovate, inner linear; ligules ` 
yellow or dull-reddish outside. Achenes } in., including the very slender beak, 
ribbed, pale; pappus } in—Not a Nipal plant, as stated by Clarke. I have seen no 
specimen from east of the Sutlej. 
Var. sativa; more succulent, quite smooth, leaves spreading pinnatifid or entire, 
branches of panicle shorter with more numerous bracts, achenes black. Clarke 
Comp. Ind. 263. L. sativa Linn.; DC. Prodr. vii, 138; Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 403; 
Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ, t. 1421, L. bracteata and sativa, Wall, Cat. 3243, 3244 D. 
— The garden lettuce, cultivated throughout India. 
5. L. undulata, Ledeb. Fi. Alt. iv. 156; Ic. Fl. Ross. t. 129; annual, 
glabrous or glaucous, stem short dichotomously branched from the base leafy, 
radical leaves sessile pinnatifid lobes entire or sparingly toothed, cauline j-am- 
plexicaul base dilated or auricled, heads 1 in. long narrow erect peduncled 
eg few-fld., outermost invol. bracts small inner unequal very slender 
obtuse, achenes oblanceolate transversely rugose margins scabrid, beak ca illary 
3-4 times as long as the body. Boiss. Fl. Orient. iii. 815; DC. Prodr, vii. 195; 
Clarke Comp. Ind. 203. 
Western Ter ` alt. 912,000 ft., Thomson. Sart RANGE; Fleming. —Distriz. 
Siberia, Soongaria, and westwards to Arabia. 
Habit of a Senecio of the Jacobea section, 6-10 in. high, succulent. eaves 2-3 
in., dark green. Heads subcorymbose or terminal on the branches ; ligules white 
pink or blueish. Achenes including tho capillary beak 3-2 in. long, much compressed 
