Emo 
E 
406 LXXVII. composirm. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Lactuca. 
on each side of the dorsal face; the base of the beak is black in this (white in longi- 
olia); the pappus is dirty-white or yellowish. Ligules pale yellow within, purplish 
outside in Assam (Griffith), sulphur yellow in China (Hance in litt.). 
** Beak rather stout, coloured. 
9. L. Clarkei, //ook. f.; annual, glabrous, stem erect with lateral wide 
spreading branches from the base and upwards, leaves coriaceous radical linear 
runcinate-pinnatifid terminal lobe long-acuminate lateral triangular acute denti- 
culate or quite entire, cauline lanceolate entire or sinuate-toothed finely acumi- 
nate sessile base simple or }-amplexicaul not auricled, heads j in. long suberect 
numerous in peduncled clusters along the branches, peduncles bracteolate, outer 
invol. bracts all green ovate or oblong-ovate, inner 5-6 linear-oblong with 
narrow pale margins, achenes slender fusiform gradually narrowed into a cylindric 
beak strongly ribbed smooth black, pappus twice as long as the achenes silvery. 
Western Tirer; Iskardo, alt. 8000 ft., Clarke, 
Habit of Sect. I., but evidently most closely to L. tatarica in the foliage heads and 
achenes. Stem 6-12 in., flexuous, and branches rather rigid. Radical leaves 2—4 in., 
sparingly toothed or lobed, stiff when dry and dull dark green, the points of the lobes 
and the tip being almost pungent. Heads neither corymbose nor panicled but clustered 
on short branches; invol. bracts quite smooth, acute, pale green; ligules blue. 
Achenes 1 in., beak pale at the tip; pappus 4 in., deciduous, white. 
10. L. tatarica, C. A. Meyer, Enum. Pl. Cauc. 56; var. tibetica (achene 
shortly beaked); perennial? glabrous, stem stout erect leafy paniculately 
branched above, leaves coriaceous radical and lower sinuate-toothed or runci- 
eo gei and sharply toothed, cauline similar or less lobed base simple or 
auricled, heads erect } in. panicled peduncled solitary or clustered, peduncles 
bracteolate, outer invol. bracts all green ovate or oblong-ovate, inner 5-6 linear- 
oblong, achenes narrowly oblong strongly ribbed quite smooth suddenly con- 
tracted beneath the pappus into a very short cylindric beak, pappus twice as 
long as the achenes silvery. Clarke Comp. Ind. 267. 
Western Tinet; Nubra, Hanli, &e., alt. 12-16,000 ft., Thomson, Stoliczka.— 
Distrin. of L. tatarica, Central Asia and Siberia. 
This so strongly resembles Z. tatarica, a native of Affghanistan, that, except for 
the achenes, I do not see how it can be separated; these are however of a different 
form, and not very like those of any other Lactuca; they are narrowly linear } in. long, 
with a very inconspicuous beak, remarkably strong ribs, of which the median ventral 
one isthe most prominent. The tips of the leaves and their lobes are almost pungent. 
Secr. IV. Perennial usually tall leafy herbs (habit of Prenanthes), with 
large tuberous or fusiform roots, and more or less pinnatifid or pinnate and 
sharply toothed leaves. Heads very numerous, drooping or pendulous, in large 
terminal panicles or paniculate racemes ; outer invol. bracts usually very short, 
inner few long narrow often with dilated tips; ligules blue violet or purple, 
Achenes smooth ; pappus deciduous. 
ll. L. graciliflora, DC. Prodr. vii. 139 ; glabrous or leaves puberulous, 
tall, leafy, paniculately branched above, lower leaves petioled pinnate or pinna- 
tifid terminal lobe large deltoid or triangular-ovate acute irregularly toothed, 
pinules 1-pair, middle upper leaves like the terminal lobe of the lower, upper- 
most sessile ovate or lanceolate, heads very many narrow }-} in. long 3-4-fld. 
in large open panicles glabrous drooping, peduncles slender, outer invol. bracts 
minute inner 5-6 very narrow with dilated tips, achenes narrowly oblong or 
oblanceolate smooth, margins thickened constricted at the top into a short 
thick beak, pappus dirty white. L. Brunoniana, Clarke Comp. Ind. 226, mainly, 
not of Wall. Prenanthes graciliflora, Wall. Cat. 3260. P. rostrata, Bl. Bijd. 
836; DC. Le, Mulgedium rostratum, Schultz-Bip. in Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 115. 
