412 LXXVIII, COMPOSITÆ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Prenanthes. 
oblong toothed or serrate, petiole winged or not, panicle erect elongate branches 
stout or slender, heads fascicled narrow glabrous, flowers 3-5 rose-purple, 
achenes narrowed downwards, pappus nearly white. P. hispidula, DC. Prodr. 
vii. 195; Clarke Comp. 1nd. 273. P. Brunoniana alliariefolia and raphanifolia, 
DC. l.c. 
Western Hivarava; from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 6-9000 ft. 
Stem 1-4 ft., from glabrous to hispid with long spreading hairs, simple or branched. 
Leaves so variable that it is difficult to arrange their forms under any system ; 1 (allia- 
riefolia), leaves entire, cordate or ovate or oblong, with the base truncate or cordate 
obtuse or acute, petiole simple slender auricled at the base; 2 {raphanifolia), leaves 
more or less pinnatifid with a terminal ovate lanceolate or deltoid acute terminal lobe 
to which the leaf is sometimes reduced, petiole broadly-winged dilated or not at the 
base; 3, leaves orbicular or broadly oblong, palmately 3-lobed, lobes eut and toothed, 
petiole simple or toothed (when the leaf becomes pinnatifid). Heads 4-2 in.; outer 
invol. bracts 4-4 the length of the inner. Achencs 1-3 in., narrow, compressed, slightly 
contracted at the tip; pappus seanty, Lrittle, white or pale brownish. 
3. P. violeefolia, Dene. in Bot. Jacq. Voy. 100, t. 108; stem very slender 
simple quite glabrous or with soft hairs at the top of the petiole, leaves long- 
petioled ovate-cordate deltoid or hastate tip and auricles obtuse or acute entire 
or obscurely sinuate-toothed glaucous beneath, petiole simple or winged or 
dilatel at the base, heads racemose or subpaniculate narrow pendulous long- 
peduneled 5-8-fld., achenes ellipsoid shorter than the white pappus. Lactuca 
violeefolia, Clarke Comp. Ind. 269. 
Western Hiwaraya; from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 9-12,000 ft. 
A small very slender species, a foot high, simple or sparingly branched. Leaves 
1-2 in. long and broad ; petiole of the lower 3-8 in., simple or dilated at the base, 
sometimes into a foliaecous orbicular toothed auricle, rarely with a pair of oblong 
pinnules below the blade, nerves radiating from the tip of the petiole. Heads few, 
subsolitary, pendulous; invol. bracts } in., outer very small, inner linear obtuse. 
Achenes à in., contracted at both ends, but not beaked. 
4. P. Hookeri, Clarke mss.; stem simple or branched, glabrous except 
the petiole and leaf-nerves beneath which are often setose, leaves hastate or 
cordate obtuse quite entire rarely sinuate uppermost ovate or oblong, petiole not 
longer than the blade with a broad 3-amplexicaul wing dilated downwards and 
auricled at the base, heads 3-6-fld. racemose or panicled narrow pendulous, 
peduncle long, achenes narrowly elliptic compressed contracted towards both 
ends about equalling the white pappus. P. alata, Merb. Hook. f. $ T.; Clarke 
Comp. Ind. 274; Kurz in Journ. As, Soc. 1877, ii. 207. 
Kuasa Mrs.; in marshy places, alt. 4-6000 ft. Marranan Mrs.; dry hills, alt. 
5-6000 ft., Kurz. 
Stem 1-3 ft., quite glabrous, simple and slender or stout and much branched. 
Leaves 1-2 in. long and broad, basal lobes spreading or deflexed ; petiole with flexu- 
ous hairs underneath and towards the top only, wing gradually narrowed to the 
insertion of the leaf-blade or below it. Flowers blue purple. Achenes 3 in., broader 
and darker than in P. violefolia, from which this differs conspicuously in the short 
petioles,—Clarke suggests the alteration of the name from alata, which should be re- 
tained for the P. (Nabalus) alata, Hook. f., N. America. Clarke describes the achenes 
as cylindric, but I find all to be flattened. I have seen no Martaban specimens. 
D P. sikkimensis, Mook. f.; quite glabrous, stem elongate very slender 
flexuous branched, leaves very membranous quite entire with slender petioles 
winged towards the base simple (not auricled) deltoid with rounded tip and 
lobes or with a p of pinnules on the petiole, heads panicled solitary long- 
peduncled pendulous 5-6-fld., achenes large fusiform compressed equalling the 
white pappus. ! 
