Prenanthes.] ` Lxxvur. composirz. (J. D. Hooker.) 413 
Sixx Hiwaraya; Lachen valley, alt. 9000 ft., J. D. H. 
A very slender branched species, 3-4 ft. high, with men:branous leaves 1-1} in. 
diam., very glaucous beneath, and heads as in the other species, but achenes 4 in. long, 
narrowed towards both ends. 
6. P. scandens, Hook. f. § T.; Clarke Comp. Ind. 274; scandent, 
glabrous puberulous or pubescent, branched, flexuous, leaves ovate or triangular- 
ovate acuminate ciliate base truncate cordate or hastate, petiole shorter than the 
blade quite simple, heads in axillary and terminal panicles with divaricating 
branches shortly peduncled pendulous glabrous, achenes very slender almost 
beaked shorter than the whitish pappus. 
Srxxim Hiwarava, alt. 4-9000 ft, common. Urrrer Assam; Mishmi Mts., 
Griffith. 
A tall flaccid rambling climber, with zig-zag stem and branches. Leaves nearly 
glabrous in Sikkim, pubescent with crisped hairs in Mishmi. Leaves 3-5 by 2-3 in., 
glaucous beneath, margins with strong projecting remote cilia; petiole 1-13 in. Heads 
i in, long; ligules rose-purple. Achenes Z in., much more slender than in any of the 
preceding species and more nearly beaked, being much attenuated from above the 
middle; pappus nearly white. 
116. PICRIDIUM, Desf. 
Perennial or annual glabrous milky herbs. Leaves radical or alternate, toothed 
or pinnatifid, lobes often crisped and toothed or spinulose. Heads campanulate, 
yellow, homogamous; fl. all ligulate. Involucre campanulate ; bracts oo -seriate, 
thinly herbaceous, innermost subequal lanceolate unchanged in fruit, outer 
shorter broader with scarious margins; receptacle flat, naked. Achenes oblong, 
truncate at both ends, constricted at the tip ; ribs 4-5, thick, transversely rugose ; 
pappus hairs  -seriate, slender, simple, soft, white, connate at the base into a 
deciduous ring.—Disrris. Species 5 or 6, Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia. 
P. tingitanum, Desf., Boiss. Fl. Orient. ii. 827 ; annual, stem stout, 
radical leaves elongate-obovate or spathulate obtuse sinuate-toothed or pinnatifid 
denticulate, cauline }-amplexicaul auricled, peduncle thickened under the head, 
invol. bracts cordate with very broad membranous margins and thickened tips, 
inner oblong, achenes 4-angled or of 4 moniliform ribs. DC. Prodr. vii. 182 ; 
Clarke Comp. Ind. 275. P. orientale, DC. l.e. Scorzonera tingitana and orien- 
talis, Linn. 
The Punsan, Jacquemont ; Futtehgurh, Edgeworth ; Tilla rocks and Byree, common, 
Aitchison.—DisrRim. Affghan and Beluchistan, Persia, Arabia, and N. Africa to the 
Canaries, 8. Europe. 
Stem 6-18 in., glabrous. Leaves 1-5 in., variable in breadth. Heads 14 in. diam. 
Achenes } in. long, pale, corky; pappus } in., very soft and white. 
Van. subintegra, Boiss. l. c. 828 ; tall, robust, cauline leaves 3—4 in. linear-oblong 
quite entire or obscurely denticulate.—Ajmir, Jacquemont. This looks a very different 
plant, except in the head, from P. tingitanum, being tall, with the stem as thick as 
a goose-quill and quite entire oblong leaves; it is probably a state growing in rich 
soil. 
117. SONCHUS, Linn. 
Annual or perennial milky herbs. Zecves radical or alternate, cauline often 
stem-clasping, entire toothed or pinnatifid, segments often spinulose-toothed. 
Heads terminal, irregularly subcorymbose umbellate or panicled, yellow, homo- 
gamous; fl. all ligulate. — Involucre ovoid campanulate or cylindric, often dilated 
thickened and conie at the base; bracts  -seriate, herbaceous, outer smaller ; 
receptacle flat, naked. Achenes ovoid obovoid or ellipsoid, compressed, not 
beaked, ribbed, ribs smooth or transversely rugose; pappus co ious, hairs oo - 
seriate, very slender, simple, usually white and united at the base into a deciduous 
