418 LXXVIII. CowPosirTE, (J. D. Hooker.) [ Tragopogon. 
Leaves 3-10 by 1-1 in., base dilated. Scape 1- rarely 2-3-fld , not thickened under 
the head. Jnvol. bracts 3-1] in. long, Achenes beak not long nor slender, 
2. T. pratense, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iii, 747 ; glabrous, stem usually 
branched and leafy, leaves gradually narrowed from a broad sheathing base, 
peduncle hardly thickened under the head, invol. bracts about 8 equalling or 
er the yellow ligules, achenes long-beaked muricate. DC. Prodr. vii. 
13 
Western lHiwArtAYA and Western TinkT; alt. 12-14,000 ft, Thomson, &e.— 
Disrris. Westward to the Atlantic, 
Stem 6-24 in., leafy, often stout. Leaves 1-3 in. diam. about the middle. Znvol. 
bracts 3-3 in. long. Achenes $ to nearly 1 im, beak equalling or shorter than the 
body, very slender, 
3. T. porrifolium, Jinn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iii. 745; glabrous or 
cottony, stem usually branched and leafy, leaves gradually narrowed from a 
very broad sheathing base, peduncle much inflated under the head, invol. bracts 
about 8 exceeding the purple ligules, achenes long-beaked muricate. DC, 
Prodr. vii. 113. 
Western Tirer; Falconer, Simita; in cultivated places, Thozison.—DisTRIP, 
Westwards to the Mediterranean, 
Habit of T. pratense, distinguished by the swollen peduncle and purple ligules ` 
the achenes are 1 in. long in Tibetan specimens and much murieated, 
120. SCORZONERA, Jini. 
Perennial, rarely annual herbs. eaves alternate or radical, entire lobed or 
pinnatisect. Heads large, wë beg zen yellow, homogamous; fl. all ligulate. 
Involucre cylindric or campanulate ; bracts œ -seriate, thinly herbaceous, acute 
or the inner acuminate, outer gradually (rarely suddenly) smaller; receptacle 
naked or pitted, rarely villous. Achenes linear, subterete or the outer angled, 
oo-ribbed, rarely 2-3-winged, basal areole broad, hollowed; pappus hairs 
oo -seriate, unequal, serrulate or feathery, 5-10 usually longer and with simple 
(eng feathery) tips.—DIsTRIB. Species about 100, Europe, N. Africa, W. and 
entr. Asia. 
Szcr. I Eu Scorzonera. Achenes terete or angled, not winged. 
1. S. divaricata, 7urcz; DC. Prodr. vii. 125; glabrous, stem slender 
simple or branched, leaves slender curved, heads cylindric, invol. bracts 4-8 
3-4-seriate glabrous or pubescent, ligules yellow, achenes $ in. very slender 
longer than the pappus smooth. Clarke Comp. Ind, 278, H. virgata, DC. l. ¢,? 
S. Roylet, DC. l c. 
Western HIMALAYA; from Kashmir to Kunawur; and Western Trent; alt. 
9-15,000 ft., Falconer, &ce.—Distris. Mongolia. 
Root woody. Stem branched from the base or above only, rarely simple, grooved, 
branches divaricate. Leaves 2-6 by ;4-¢ in., margins incurved. Heads 1-1} in. ; 
§-8-fld.; outer invol. bracts short, broad, inner long linear. Achenes pale, smooth, 
striate; pappus hairs feathery below. 
2. S. purpurea, Linn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient, iii. 768; glabrous or sparsely 
woolly, stem slender, leaves narrowly linear shorter than the stem, heads few 
large cylindric, invol. bracts imbricate pubescent outermost ovate inner lanceo- 
late shorter than the purple ligules, achenes angled shorter than the pappus, 
ribs rugose. 
Kasumir ; Banahal, alt. 8000 ft., Thomson.—Disrrin. Asia Minor, 
I have seen only 2 specimens, from Kashmir, which want the tufts of fibres at the 
