438 LXXX, CAMPANULACER. (C. B. Clarke.) [Sphenoelea, 
alternate with its segments, filaments short linear; anthers ovate. Ovary at 
first inferior, 2-celled ; ovules very many on stalked placentas; style short, 
stigma obscurely 2-lobed. Capsule }-inferior, membranous below; crown 
superior, depressed, conical, circumsciss, hard. Seeds very many, narrowly 
oblong ; testa somewhat lax. , 
1. S. zeylanica, Gaertn. Fruct. i. 113, t. 24, fig. 5; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 507; 
Wall. Cat. 1516; Kurz in Journ. As, Soc. 1877, ii. 209. S. Pongatium, A. DC. 
Prodr. vii. 548; Wight Ill. t. 138; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iii. 963. Pongatium 
indicum, Lamk. Ill. ii. 444. Gaertnera Pangati, Retz Obs. vi. 24. Rapinia 
herbacea, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. (ed. Willd.) i. 157. Sphenoclea, Grif. Notul, iv. 
270.— Rheede Hort. Mal, xi. t. 24. 
Throughout Ian: ` in swamps.—Drsrnrms. In both hemispheres in warm regions. 
Stem 12-24 in. Leaves 2-3 by 1-1 in., narrowed at both ends, sometimes shortly 
petioled. Peduncles }-1 in. ; spikes 3-13 in., dense both in flower and fruit. Calyx- 
lobes yz in.; in fruit somewhat enlarged, A. in., triangular, closely inflexed over the 
dise. Corolla de in., lobes short, valvate in bud (Griffith says imbricate). Fruit à in. 
diam, Seeds minute, scabrous from microscopic papille or scales, 
12, PHYTEUMA, Linn. 
Perennial herbs. Radical leaves petioled, cauline alternate, Flowers capi- 
tate, spicate, or (in all the Indian species) panicled. Calyx-tube adnate, ob- 
conic; limb 5-partite. Corolla rotate, 5-lobed nearly to the base, segments 5 
narrow. Stamens free from the corolla, filaments widely dilated at the base; 
anthers free. Ovary 2-celled (in the Indian species) ; ovules very many in each 
cell. Style cylindric; stigma 2-fid. Capsule dehiscing by small valves on the 
sides, Seeds minute, ellipsoid.—Species 50, Europe, N. Africa and Temp. 
Asia. 
The Indian species belongs to the sub-genus Podanthus, G. Don, referred by 
Doissier on account of the lax inflorescence to Campanula: retained by Bentham in 
Phyteuma on account of the shape of the corolla. 
P. Thomsoni, Clarke; nearly glabrous, erect, cauline leaves petioled 
ovate-lanceolate, flowers numerous laxly panicled, corolla segments linear- 
oblong, ovary 2-celled, stigma 2-lobed. Campanula Thomsoni, H. Zë Trin 
Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 25. Symphyandra stylosa, Royle Til. 253. 
Nonru-Wrsr Himaraya ; alt. 6-8000 ft., Thomson. KASHMIR, Jacquemont, Hen- 
derson, Aitchieson. 
Root long, woody. Stems 4-4 ft. — Cauline leaves.3 by 1} in., obscurely crenate ; 
lower leaves suborbicular, petioled. Panicle with many branches 6-12 in., naked, 
weak, flowering at the tops; sometimes reduced to a simple terminal cluster. Pedicels 
d-i in, Calya-teeth $ in., subulate. Corolla-lobes 1-4 by 45-1 in., blue. Filaments 
very short, pubescent, connivent; anthers large, oblong, at first forming a cylinder 
round the style, but quite free. Fruit unknown.— The deeply partite corolla and 
2-celled ovary refer this plant to PAyteuma, though the lax inflorescence is campanula- 
like. 
13. CAMPANULA, Linn. 
Perennial or annual herbs, erect or decumbent. Leaves alternate, or the 
radical subrosulate, from ovate to linear. Flowers peduncled or subsessile, 
axillary or terminal, panicled spicate or subcapitate, purple or white. Calyx- 
tube adnate to the ovary, turbinate ; limb deeply 5-lobed, persistent. Corolla 
campanulate, 5-fid (in C. fulgens 5-partite). Stamens 5, free, filaments dilated 
at the base; anthers free. Ovary inferior, 3- (rarely 4-5-) celled ; ovules very 
