482 LXXXVII. PRIMULACER. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Primula. 
ORDER LXXXVII. PRIMULACEE. (By J. D. Hooker.) 
Perennial, rarely annual herbs. eaves all radical, or if cauline opposite 
alternate or whorled, exstipulate. Flowers hermaphrodite, regular. Calyx 
inferior (except Samolus), 5- rarely 4-9-cleft. Corolla hypogynous (except 
Samolus, O in Glaux), rotate bell- or funnel-shaped 5- rarely 4-9-cleft. 
Stamens on the corolla-tube, opposite its lobes (hypogynous in Glauz), with 
sometimes alternating staminodes, filaments usually short; anthers 2-celled, 
dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary l-celled ; style short or long, stigma undivided ; 
ovules many, usually amphitropous on a free central placenta. Capsule dehiscing 
transversely or by valves, few or many-seeded. Seeds minute, usually angular, 
often sunk in the placenta, albumen fleshy or horny; embryo transverse.— 
Species about 80, chiefly N. temperate and alpine. 
TRIBE I. Primulese.  Corolla-lobes imbricate. Ovary superior. 
* Capsule dehiscing by valves. 
Corolla salver- or funnel-shaped, tube long. Stamens on the corolla- 
BN CMM olei E Al nb eode e Tene aoo RN, 
Corolla salver-shaped or almost rotate, tube very short. Stamens 
on the corolla-tube, anthers obtuse . ... « ¢ + « « sin 
Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens at the base of the corolla, anthers 
BATO 4. du oo wucx ek e. a ee M EBEN 
2. ANDROSACE. 
** Capsule circumsctss at the top. 
See A8 "A o o9) ROW eros mo» e eS 
Tnmp Il. Lysimachiese.  Corolla-lobes contorted. Ovary superior. 
* Capsule dehiscing by valves. 
DEMNM 2. 1. o. s.s 4o. 1X ch. eee 
BONSUEO. ae oe d. V ES a AU EE 
** Capsule circumsciss. 
Corolla 5-partite, exceeding the calyx : . . . . . . . . T. ANAGALLIS. 
Corolla 4—5-lobed, shorter than the calyx . . . . . . . . 8. CENTUNCULUS. 
Trise III. Samolese. Corolla-lobes imbricate. Ovary 1-inferior. 
Herbs, leaves alternate (eI dip MEE 
l. PRIMULA, Linn. 
Perennial scapigerous herbs. Flowers umbelled or whorled, rarely solitary, 
often dimorphic, one form having the stamens low and stigma high in the corolla- 
tube, the other having the stamens high and stigma low. Calyx 5-cleft. 
Corolla funnel- or saiver-shaped, throat naked or with folds opposite the lobes 
(annulate) ; lobes 5, spreading or incurved. Stamens 5, included ; anthers obtuse. 
Ovary ovoid, obovoid or globose. Capsule globose, oblong or cylindric, 5- 
valved ; valves simple or 2-fid. Seeds angular or subglobose, peltately attached, 
—Species about 80; distribution of the order. 
The natural classification of Primule is a difficult task, owing to the great varia- 
bility of all the organs. I quite believe that various of the Himalayan species are 
but highly developed states of European and N. Asiatic ones, but to demonstrate this 
it would be necessary to compare living specimens. Of the two natural divisions of 
