specimens from Kashmir, states in a note that the roots are 
extensively used in that country in washing clothes. 
Dzscr. Whole plant softly glandular-pubescent or tomen- 
tose or even villous. ootstock stout, short and erect, or 
elongate prostrate and covered with the fibrous remains of 
old leaves. Stem solitary, simple, stout, six to eighteen 
inches high, leafy. Hadical leaves two to four inches long, 
very variable in breadth, from obovate to oblanceolate, 
acute, quite entire, narrowed into a long or short petiole; 
cauline two to three inches long, sessile and semiamplexi- 
caul, linear-oblong, acute. Head solitary, inclined, two to 
three inches in diameter. IJnvolucre broadly hemispherical ; 
bracts lanceolate, herbaceous, outer subfoliaceous, all 
appressed. Receptacle convex. Ray-flowers very numerous, 
in about two series, tube very short; ligule slender, one 
inch long, pale bright-purple, tip obscurely toothed. Disk- 
flowers small, with purple heads before expanding. Achenes 
one-eighth of an inch long, oblong, flattened, not ribbed 
or winged, obtuse, silky; pappus-hairs short, dirty white, 
rigid, scabrid, outer very short rigid.—J. D. H. 
Fig. 1, Vertical section of involucre and receptacle ; 2, ray-flower; 3, another 
with imperfect stamens and a second ligule ; 4, style-arms of ditto; 5, disk-flower ; 
6, stamens of ditto; 7,style-arms of ditto; 8, achene and pappus; 9, hair of pappus: 
—all enlarged. 
