390 BOTANY OF TEE VOYAGE OE H.M.S. IIEIULD. 
Tribus IV. Sexecioside^i;. 
806. Xanthium discolor, Wallroth, Beitrage zur Botanik, vol. i. part 2. p. 232. — "Wlprs. Bep. 
Bot. Syst. vol. vi. p. 151. n. 6.~X Indicum, Wall. Cat. 3181.~De Cand. Prodr. vol. v. p. 533. n. 2 
(ex parte) .~X. orientale, Linn.— X Chinense, Mill. Diet. — X orienfale, Thnnb. Fl. Jap. p. 267. In 
waste places (Hance I) . 
The few specimens being in a somewhat defective condition, but having good preserved fruits, agree 
well with "Walh'oih'a diagnosis, 1. c., who abolished the old name XantUwn ImJicum, of various authors, 
and divided it into three new species, X, discolor^ Roxhurgliii, and hrevirostre, "WaUr. 
307. Wedelia caJendnlacea, Less. Synops. Gen. Comp. p. 222 (non Rich.). — De Cand. Prodr. 
vol. V. p. 539. n. 9. Hongkong (Hance !) j also gathered near Canton (Siemssen !) . 
This pretty little plant seems to have a wide geographical range in India. The leaves are mostly entire, 
or with one to three deep serratures on eacli side. 
808. "WoLLASToNiA scabHusculu, De Cand. Prodr. vol. v. p. 547. n. 3. About rocks and hedges 
close to the sea (Hance !). 
309. BiDENs Chinensis, Willd. Sp. PI. vol. iii. p. 1719, et plurimomm auctorum recentium (non 
Wilkl. Herb. u. 15,023), Very common (Champion^ teste cl. Benth.; Hance!) ; also gathered near 
Canton (Siemssen!). 
The Bidens CMnensis, "Willd., and of most of the modern authors, is a very good species, but not well 
recognized by many of them. Sprengcl (Syst. Yeg, vol. iii. p. 453. n. 24) placed it with £. leucantlia, 
Willd., and De Candolle (Prodr. vol. v. p. 598) is doubtful whether the true B. CMnensis, Willd., belongs 
to J?, leucanthi, WUld., to B. Sandaica, Blume, or to B. WalUchii, De Cand. It belongs to none of these ; 
and it seems, indeed, that De Candolie has not at all known the plant. I cannot clear up the whole matter, 
because my specimeua from Hongkong and Canton (belonging to the same species) are not in the best con- 
dition, having good achaenia, but imperfect flowering capitula ; but at least I hope to be able to contribute 
something towards solving the problem. I liave examined the authentic specimens in the herbarium of 
Willdenow under n. 15,023 ; those however gave no better results than the examination of the authentic 
specimens of B. leucantlm, WiUd., under n. 13,022 in the same herbarium, as I have noticed on page 158 
of this work. There are four sheets with specimens of Bidens, of which nos. 1, 2, and 3 contain apparently 
cidtivatcd specimena of B. leucantU, Willd., in a very young and defective state, and n. 4 two specimens, 
somcwliat imperfect, but bearing one good flower-head in fruit, gathered by Klein in Ceylon. These be- 
long, without doubt, to Bidens WalUcUi, De Cand. Prodr. vol. v. p. 598, n. 28, for that has the inner scales 
of the involucre alone marginated, the outer ones herbaceous and very pubescent, and the long acha^uia 
(6-7 lines in length) crowned with three connivcnt aristas, whilst B. Sundaica, Blume, 1. c, n. 27, is said to 
have the scales of both series marginated, and shorter acha>nia (4-5 lines in length) ; therefore this species, 
bemg in Willdenow's own herbarium under the name of B. CMnensis, should bear henceforth that name. 
But, as far as I know, the latter species is never found in China, and so it seems to be advisable to retain 
the name of CMnen.is for a plant considered, although not described, by most of the modern botanists as 
the true Bidciis CMnemis, Willd., and found in several parts of Cbma, including Hongkong. This species 
IS easdy distmguished by its shining smoothness, by its leaves being mostly ternatisect, by its very broad 
ovate leaflets, somewhat unequal at their base, paler on their under side, with a very sharp but short acn- 
mmate apex, and very sharp-pointed serratures, by its very small flower-heads, 3-4 lines long, bearing 
somewhat short ligul*, and a double series of involucral scales, of which the inner ones are broad, oblong. 
