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take notice of, left they (hould have fo nnich weight 

 as to'prWentmany'perfons from engaging in it. The 

 firft which has been generally ftartcd is, that the land 

 ;?;ijCi this "country is not fo well adapted for growing 



in Holland : to which 1 



t 



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as 



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truth affirm 



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tiiat in Holland : to which 1 can with 

 , that, there are vaft trafts of land here 



t ■ M' 



g Madder than the 



i^;f:much better adapted fbrproducin 



^0^hcii land in Zealand ; and from the experience which 



Vy I have had of its growth, will produce a greater crop. 



; Another objection which^ I have heard, wms the la- 



;;bourin Holland being cheaper than miinglana. i he 



''Dutch will always underfcU us, fo cohfequcntly will 



riiaihtainthisbrahchof trddfe; but thisiscertainly a great 



' jniftake: for though the labourers employed in cul- 



■ tivating Madder may not earn fo great wages as is ge- 



' nerallypaid in England, fure I am, that the difference 



between an expert Englifli labourer and that of the 



beft Dutchman, in the ploughing, hoeing, planting, 



&c. of Madder, is much greater than that of their 



pay ; for I am fure a good Englifh gardener or pIougTi- 



man will do more bufinefs, and perform it better, in 



'" four days, than the beft workman in Holland cah'do 



, in fix. What I now fay is greatly within com'|:)afs, 



• from my own knowledo-e -, fothat,fuppofing we were 



r'to proceed m the fame manner now praftifed by the 



^V Dutch, this could be no objeftion to the cultivating of 



vi Madder ; 'feut .we fhall foon fihd*ways 61 performinpr' 



;.^'the molt laborious part, at much lefs expence, bv 



means of the noeing prougfiit wTnch may be ufcd to 



the kitcheh-^ardeMfs, who, in the change of their 

 crops, "do every fourth or fifth year plant the Mad- 

 der upon the fame ground again, in like manner as 



the gardeners in the neighbourhood of London plant 

 Afparagus for forcing in. winter upon hot- beds. And 

 as they have public kilns in Holland for dryino- of 

 the Madder roots, fo they know the expence of ma-.'' 

 nufaduring the commodity for fale, which renders 

 the cultivation fure and eafy to them. 



'^N. 



n 



If the cultivation of Madder fs^ carried oq properly 

 in England, it will employ a great number of hands 

 from the' time harveft is over, till the fpring of the 

 year/ which is generally a dead time for labourers 

 and hereby the parifhes may be cafe d of the poor's 

 rate, which is a confideration, worthy of public at- 

 tention;-" ■ ■• : 



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 } 



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RUB US. Tourn, Inft. R. H. 614. tab. 385. Lin. 

 ■' Gen. Plant, g^y. [This plant is fo called, "of the red 

 '.Vcolbur of the fruit before it comes to maturity:] The 

 , /Bramble or Rafpberry-bufli ; in French, B-once:'^ 



^'^■>', The* Characters are,' . % - - .. ,.i, ' 



;*':; 'The flower has a permanent empaJemeni of one leaf^'xhich 

 [ Ifcut into five fpear-Jhaped fegments ; it hath five rcund-ijb 



and a great number of ftamina whicl 



u at 





infmd 



•[■^'inthempalement^ and are ffjorter than the petals^ ter- 



j:, m'mated hy roundijh comprejfed fmnmits^ with a great 7tum- 

 "' ter of germen^ having fmall hair-like ftyles on the fide of 

 ' '^^'(^ g^^^'^^^->f^^^ownedbyafingleper7nanentfiigma, Tbeger- 





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great' Sd^antag^ in the. cultivation of Madder, whereby 



^1 ___-ll l_ ^ 1 1 /Y* 1 1 I ' /: . r H 





the expence will be much lefTened ; and, whenbrtce 

 this is well eftablifiied in England, there can be no 



men afterward becomes a berry compofed of many acini col- 



each having one celly in which is con- 



tnto a 





.. .-V^ -J^v- ."/, , '■-.I ..„ '..., 'A .V *^.^.,, ,, . s^ ' 



doubt but that great improvements will be made both 

 in the culture and method or preparino; 

 t'-dity fotufe.^ . ■■■v ■■v..»^,'.v. \ ^.=.;^^--.,, _^;>-,' 



■ ■" '■' J -' T. ■ , - -:% r.^- ■>. ■ ' :. ' - 



; tdined one oblong feed, ' ' - ■ - 



: This^genus of plants is ranged in the fifth fe^tion of 



■ ; Linnaeus's twelfth clafs, which contains thcfe plants 



the commo- } ■• whole flowers have many ftamina which are inferted in 



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■i;There has been otjedioris iMde a^^^^ 



the empalement, and many ftyles. 



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of growing Madder, becaufe fonie who have engaged I i. Rubus 

 ' ih^^it have not fucceeded: but iti 'anTwer to this, it 

 ynUft be obferved, that their ill fuccefs was owing to 

 a want of {kill. Some of them continued to plant 

 repeated crops of Madder on the fame foot of ground, 

 till the roots became fo fmall, as fc^rce to pay the ex- 

 pence or digging up ; and here it is proper to obferve, 

 that Madder Ihould notice planted oh the fame land, 

 till aftet an intery^lof tfeven br'^eight fear^^ during 

 which interval the ground "may be fowq with any 

 ^ fort of grain, or kitchen vegetables, which it will pro- 

 duce to great advantage after Madder,^ becaufe the 

 land will be wrought fo deep.''* The Dutch always 

 ■ low grain upon their Madder ground in the intervals 

 * or four years, and have great crops from it ; and 

 'V they are' bbligedi from 'the fcarcity of land fit for 

 ^^ this purpofe, to plant the fame ground after an inter- 

 ' ''Val of four yeaas i' but, as we are not under the fame 

 ' ■"neceiTity^ I? w^^l t)S.,^H^^ better to ftay eight years. 

 For itfe mots qf Mad ^^^ very fipiilar to thofe of 



and draw much the fame nouriihment 



The Species are. 



,' ' 



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i 



(Fruticofus) foliis quinato-digitatis ternatif-[ 

 :' que,^ ,,caure petiohlque aculeatis. rlor. buec. 409. 

 '.'Bramble of ' Blackberry with hand-fJo aped leaves^ having^ 

 ^'^fiveandl'ihre/ lobes ^ and the foot-ftalk and hrmuhes\ 

 X' prickly, Rubus vulgaris five Rubus frudu ni;2;ro. 

 ;-,C. B.J*. 47^, The common Blackberry, .':;",i- ■.. lit-r 

 2. HuBus {C^fius) foliis ternatis fubnudis laterallbus bi- 

 ■ lobis caule aculeato. Hort. Cliff. 192. ^Bramble with 

 naked trifoliate leaves and a prtcklyfialk.' Kubiis repens 

 ; fruflii c^^efio. C. B. P. 4^9* The Dewberry.' 

 .Rubus (Id^us) foliis quinato-pinnatis ternatifque. 



1 

 3 



¥ 



3 



::-/a 



m the ground; and it is well known that/when 



I' 



caule aculeato, petiolis canaliculatis. Flpr. Suec. 408. 



■-'^Bramble with winged leaves^ having five and three lobes^ 

 '■' a' prickly ftalky and chajinelled foot-fialks, '^'fRubusldxus 

 ■'- fpinofis. C. B. P. 479. Prickly Rafpberry, ";,:•' 



4. Rubus {Glabro^ foliis ternatis fubtus tomentofis, caulej 

 '^dbfol Rafpberry with trifoliate leaves^ which are woolly] 

 oh their 'iirider fide^ arid have* a fmdoth ftalk, Rubus 

 Idaeus tevis. C. B. P. ,$^9. The fmooth Rafpberry. [ 



5. Rubus {Occidentalis) ioXiis quinato-pinnatis ternatif- 



caule^ aculeato^'* petiolis terptibus. Lin. Sp. 



'r\^!^'Plant. A.QQ, Bramble with winzed leaves having five and- 

 r^:\three Icbes^ a prickly ftalky find taper foot-fialks, Rubus 



Elth. 



que 



r'^Idasus fruftu nigro; Virginianus, Hort. 



i 



327 



Ll 1 -■ 



* ■ 



*> 



•agus roots are dug up, which have been grow- 

 Thg thredyears, if the fame is planted with Afparagus 

 >gain in a few years, itVill not thrive equal to that 

 which is 'ttlanted' on ground upon which Afparagus ] '5. Rubus {Odorattis) foliis fimplicibus palmatls 



■"■^" ' "^ ^''- ' ' ^iriermi multifolio multifldro.'HorY.' Cliff. 192. Rcfp- 



Virginia Rafpberry with a black fruit , J j^\ y^^ 



cau 



le 



^^;;has not grown for feveral years ; and this is always 



■^ found to be the cafe:, even in kitchen-gardens hear 



''^ jTon;' where, by the well working and frequent 



bunging the' ground, it may be fuppofed changed in 



tlTree or four yearsf ^more than the fields can pofTiblv 



y ot m eight or ten. 



*^; Madder ffibuld" riot -^ ixi very rich dunged 



lland,'Tor in fuch there will be very large haulm, but 



"?; the roots will hot ,be in propbrtioriV and, where tTiefe' 

 * is- much 



berry withfingle hand-fioapcd leaves^ and an unarmed fialk 

 having many leaves and fiowers^^ Rubus odoratus. 

 Cornut. 153. 'Sweet Canada Rafpberry^ commonly called 





' flowering Rafpberry, 



7. Rubus (Hifpidus) fpliis ternatis nudis, caulibus peti- 



-- olifque hifpidus. Lin. Sp. Plant." 493. ^ Bramble with 

 naked leaves growing by threcs^'^^'and hairy fi^alks and foot- 



dung or fea-coal allies, tBe Madder foots 



will be of a darker ^colour, as it will alfo whefelt is 



% -- *5 'l-~ ♦ 



ed in the 



" T. . 1^ ^t 



* '.-V^iJ, 



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e of London, which is likSswife 

 thfr cafe with Liquorice; for that which grows in„ a 

 fandy Iplm at a diftance frorn London, is aWays muc.. 

 brighter^hd clearer than that which grows in the ricli 

 lands in the, neighbourhood of London^-- ^ >■>'- 

 In Zealand the Madder is 



'3:11 



8. Ru 



' flalks,\-^^^''^r:K^"''' -y-"^ ^H'^ '-.-\'--:^j . .. ^ ^ 



Bus^ (^Saxatillus) foliis ternatis nudis,' flagellis re- 

 pentlBus herl^aceis. -' Flon Suec. 41 r . Bramble with j 

 hr^iia^eB'' trifoliate leaves^ '^anT creeping herbaceous ftalks. 5 

 "Cham^rubus faxatillus. C. B. P. iia :Tiwaif Rock [ 





^■^' Bramble, 



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principally cultivated Sy 



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Q. RuBus (Ar^icus) folhs ternatis, caule inermi um- 



floro! Flor. Suecr4T2. Bramble with trifoliate leaves^ 



i*^'-- and an unarmed Jlalk having one flciverJ Rubus hurni- 









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