VOL. II.] Plants of San Francisco. 335 



excluding the islands* embraces the terminal end of a narrow 

 peninsula. Its average length and breadth is a little more than six, 

 and its total area a little more than forty-two square miles. That 

 the number of plants is not greater is due not only to the de- 

 struction of native species, caused by the cutting down of hills, fill- 

 ing swamps and burying streams incident to the growth of a 

 large city, but even more to the lack of variety in cHmate and con- 

 ditions, the city being surrounded on three sides by w^ater, and 

 swept by the ocean winds, and the flora of the dry interior of the 

 state being in consequence very sparingly represented. 



The climate of San Francisco is not subject to great variations ot 

 temperature. In most seasons there is very litde frost, but the 

 summers are cool and often foggy. The plants in consequence 

 have a much longer season of floweringf than in localities farther 

 removed from the sea, and many perennials, especially herbaceous 



*Verba Buena (Goat Island), Alcatraz, Farallones, Red Rock. 



t The following plants hav^e been brought to me in bloom from our limits during 

 the first fortnight of this month (January): 



Ranunculus Californicus, Berberis aquifolium, Eschscholtzia Californica, Alys- 

 sum maritimum, Cardamine paucisecta, C. oligosperma, Arabis blepharophylla, 

 Cheiranthus asper, Nasturtium officinale, Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Lepidium niti- 

 dum, Raphanus sativus, Viola adunca, Cerastium nutans, C. arvense, Stcllaria 

 media, Lepigonum macrothecum, L, rubrum, Spergularia arvensis, Claytonia per- 

 foliata, Lavatera assurgentiflora, Malva parviflora, Sidalcea malvceflora, Erodium 

 cicutarium, E. moschatum, Oxalis corniculata, Rhamnus Californica, Trifolium 

 repens, Medicago marginata, Vicia Americana, Rubus vitifolius, Fragaria Chilcnsis, 

 Ribes sanguineum, R. Menziesii, Echinocystis fabacea, Mesembryanthemum oequi- 

 laterale, Sanicula arctopoides, CEnanthe sarmentosa, Peucedanum dasycarpum, P. 

 fteniculaceum, Heracleum lanatum, Garrya elliptica, Galium Nuttallii, Aplopappus 

 ericoides, Corethrogyne Californica, Solidago Californica, Aster Chamissonis, Eri- 

 gcron glaucus, E. Canadensis, Anaphalis Margaritacea, Gnaphalium purpureum, 

 G. decurrens, G. Sprengelii, Layia gaillardioides, Eriophyllum sti-echadifolium, E, 

 confertiflorum, Helenium puberulum, Achillea millefolium, Anthemis cotula, Ma- 

 tricaria discoidea, Tanacetum Huronense, Artemisia p}xnocephala, Cotula austra- 

 lis, C. coronopifolia, Senecio vulgaris, Cnicus occidentalis, Silybum Marianum, 

 Troximon humile, Taraxacum dens-leonis, Sonchus oleraceus, Gaultheria Shallon, 

 Armeria vulgaris, Anagallis arvensis, Gilia achilla^folia, Phacelia circinata, So- 

 lanum nigrum, S. umbelliforum, Scrophularia Californica, Mimulus luteus, M. 

 glutinosus, Castilleia latifolia, C. foliolosa, Monardella villosa, Stachys bullata, 

 Plantago major, P. lanceolata, P. hirtella, P. maritima, Abronia umbellata, Ru- 

 mex acetosella, R. crispus, Polygonum paronychia, Eriogonuni fasciculatum, E. 

 latifolium, Chenopodium album, C. ambrosioides, C. Californicum, Euphorbia 

 leptoceras, Salix lasiolepis, Corylus rostrata, Iris longipetala, Muilla maritima. 



