VOL. I. | Stock and Scion. 109 
duced by sowing the seed of any of the commercial oranges, and 
the seedlings are afterwards budded with improved kinds. If any 
of these seedling are allowed to fruit as seedlings, the fruit will be 
_ found to more or less resemble the parent orange; that is, it will be 
of fair or large size, with sweet meat and thick skin—the seedling 
orange of our markets. 
The Mandarin orange in question was a little tree, nine feet high 
and quite bushy, and had borne a good crop of oranges for at least 
five years. Its oranges were characteristic of the Mandarin vari- 
ety—small, round, compressed, and with the skin peeling off like a 
glove—hence the name “ Kidglove orange,’’ under which this and 
similar varieties are known. 
One winter we had a heavy frost and the Mandarin was greatly 
. injured. When the time for making new growth came I found the 
top almost dead, and only one feeble shoot coming out above the 
bud. The remainder of the top died, and was cut off in order to 
save the new shoot. This grew rapidly, and at the end of the 
season had attained the full height of the old tree, with several 
large side branches. But the leaves of the new standard did not 
resemble the leaves of the old Mandarin tree, but were quite sim- 
ilar to those of a common sweet seedling orange. So much did 
they resemble the sweet stock that I thought, and continued to 
think for some time, that all of the. Mandarin part of the tree had 
been killed, and that the new tree was produced from below the bud. 
Next year the tree produced fruit in size and quality intermediate 
between a sweet seedling and a Mandarin—much more resembling 
a sweet seedling, only distinguished by its smaller size; which, how- 
_ ever, was several times larger than a large Mandarin orange. The 
_ meat and skin showed every characteristic of the common sweet 
orange. The year following the leaves became smaller, and the 
oranges almost identical with the original Mandarins. The third 
year the fruit and other parts of the tree had regained all their 
Mandarin characteristics. Ever since, this tree has produced Man- 
darin oranges of the same size and quality as before it was injured 
_ by frost. 
My theory of the change from one variety to the other is simply 
this: The frost killed the largest part of the Mandarin tree, only 
one bud surviving. The shoot produced by this bud was so influ- 
enced and overpowered by the strong sweet ‘seedling root that it 
