120 The Vegetation of Burns. [ZOE 
ing, and in a few years, doubtless, the mountain side will be clothed 
with its former vegetation, and the annuals now so abundant will be 
found only along trails and in openings under the shade of bushes. 
The nutmeg ( Zorreya California), manzanita and the huckleberry 
( Vaccinium ovatum) send up new shoots from the old roots, as does 
also the madrofio (Arbutus Menziesti), which requires more heat 
to injure it than oak bushes. “ Chamis,’’ which formed a large part 
of the original ‘‘chaparral,’’ comes up from the old roots so strong 
that the new shoots often blossom the first year. Oaks, chinqua- 
pin ( Castanopsis chrysophylla), hazel ( Corylus rostrata), Christmas 
berry ( Heteromeles arbutifolia ), all renew themselves in the same 
manner, and almost all the woody plants seem to re-appear from 
their blackened roots. The tree poppy ( Dendromecon rigidum ), 
however, seems to spring from the seed, and I saw none excepting 
seedlings, still retaining the early lobed form of leaves, although 
some of them had grown toa height of two feet. Helianthemum, a 
low perennial from a woody base, is killed by fire, but its seeds 
spring up everywhere, and the young plants bloom freely as 
annuals. The painted cup ( Castilleia ), the wild morning-glory, the 
wood balm (Sphacele calycina), Hosackia glabra, yerba santa ( Erio- 
dyction glutinosum), somewhat woody perennials, also spring again 
from the old roots. The latter certainly also becomes conspicu- 
ous as a seedling, and probably many seeds of most of the peren- 
nials begin to grow, but do not become large enough in one season 
to benoticed. Cascara sagrada (Rhamnus Purshiana) grows again 
from its old roots, but I saw none of its near relative, the California 
lilac ( Ceanothus), excepting hosts of seedlings two or three inches 
high. Zygadenus Fremonti is so abundant and rank that, as it is” 
not an annual, the question arises: where was it before the fire ? 
The most interesting part of the vegetation is the annual growth. 
The Mayweed ( Anthemis cotula ), Claytonia perfoliata, Stsymbrium 
reflexum, Silene Gallica and S. antirrhina, Barbarea vulgaris, 
Ffosackia, etc.,are common and large. Some others, such as the milk 
thistle ( Silyum Mariannum ), abounding in the State, are not present, 
and the native Composite, considering the facility for distribution 
that their seeds afford them, are poorly represented. Campanula 
exigua is a small plant discovered by Mr. Rattan on the summit’ of 
Mt. Diablo, and since then a few specimens have been collected on 
Mt. Hamilton, Mt. St. Helena, and along the wagon-road near the 
