158 Flora of Yo Semite. [ZOE 
shining white five inches in diameter followed by dense heads of 
scarlet fruit is a conspicuous object in the lower mountain cafions, 
and the less conspicuous C. pudescens abounds along Yo Semite 
Creek and below. 
The twin-berry ( Lonicera involucrata ) and the dwart twin-berry 
(L. conjugialis) are both to be found near the upper spring on the 
new trail to Cloud’s Rest—the latter also at Glacier Point on the 
way to Sentinel Dome. 
The snowberry ( Symphoricarpus racemosus) and the two species 
of mountain elder Sambucus &lauca (of which the cooked fruit is 
delicious) at lower, and .S. melanocarpa with peculiarly stinking foli- 
age, at higher elevations, are frequently seen. 
The heath family furnishes a considerable part of the scrubby 
contingent of the valley and much of its beauty. Some of them, as 
Kalmia glauca about Cloud’s Rest and Cassiope Mertensiana, are 
very small shrubs indeed, only a few inches in height, and Vaccinium 
occidentale in wet meadows above Indian Cafion bears its abundance 
of blue agreeably acid berries at no great height. 
The mountain heath ( Bryanthus Breweri) lifts its rosy blooms 
about the meadows of Cloud’s Rest. It is well worthy of cultiva- 
tion but our species of the heath family are many of them notori- 
ously impatient of culture. 
The western azalea (Rhododendron occidentale ) is abundant and 
as fragrant though not so tall as in the ravines of the coast range. 
Ledum glandulosum grows in the higher meadows above the 
valley. It is dreaded by the sheep men who say that it poisons — 
their flocks. If such is the case it might be well for the Park Com- 
missioners to spread it more generally about the meadows as one 
means of keeping the lawless and rapacious crew in bounds. 
Yerba santa ( Eriodictyon glutinosum ) is found below the valley 
and at Indian Cafion and other places within it. It hardly reaches © 
a higher altitude than the floor of the valley. 
Nama Lobbii is found at various places on the higher points. 
Dutchman’s-pipe (Aristolochia Californica) grows near Tissaack 
bridge. The flowers are seldom collected because they appear be- 
fore the leaves and are nearly the color of and half hidden by the © 
stems of the bushes around which the vine twines itself. The large — 
pendent fruit are, however, sufficiently conspicuous objects and so are ~ 
the black, marked with red, caterpillars of Papilio Philenor whichin 
