216 : Colors of West Coast Mammals. 
development in them of the color sense. Sexual selection would 
then be directed in other channels, while the colors would be left 
either neutral or of some practical utility—either for —— rec- 
cance as among ide: 
The following classification of the colors of mammals follows 
mainly that of Poulton,* which has the merit of being natural and — 
simple, grouping them according to their uses: 
I. APpTETIC coLors (deceitful). 
1. Cryptic colors—Protective and aggressive resemblance. 
a. General protective resemblance. 
6. General aggressive resemblance. 
II. SEmatIc coLors—Warning and signalling. 
1. Aposematic colors—Warning colors. 
2. Episematic colors—Recognition marks. 
a. Directive. 
6. Discriminative. 
¢. Socialistic. 
The mammals of the Pacific Coast may be roughly classified un- 
der the above headings, as follows: 
GENERAL PROTECTIVE RESEMBLANCE. By far the largest class 
including all the neutral colored species, as the bats, most rodents, 
etc., and such as harmonize with unusual surroundings, as Lepus 
insularis and Spermophilus grammurus atricapillus. 
GENERAL AGGRESSIVE RESEMBLANCE. The Felide, Canis latrans,. 
Ctc: : 
WARNING coLors. Mephitis and Spilogale. 
DIRECTIVE RECOGNITION MARKS. TZumias leucurus, -_ 
sylvaticus, Antilocapra americana. 
DISCRIMINATIVE RECOGNITION MARKS. Many species of % amias 
probably; black wedge of ‘Spermophilus grammurus douglassti, pos-— 
sibly, and many other related species inhabiting adjacent territory. - 
SOCIALISTIC RECOGNITION MARKS. Arctomys flaviventer, Ta- 
mias, Sciurus ?, Procyon lotor, Bassaris astuta. 
a 
*The Colors of Animals, 338. 
