VOL. II.] Flora of the Olympics. 273 
mophila parvifiora), and an Epilobium, probably (£4. alpinum), 
though approaching (£. origanifolium). Here also grew the 
valerian ( Valeriana sylvatica), filling the woods with its peculiar 
‘odor, while along the bottoms grew the bee-willow (Salix Siichen- 
sis), a tree or shrub whose flowers are much frequented by the 
honey-bee in early spring. The female catkins were just disappear- 
‘ing, while the next plant found, the meadow-rue ( 7halictrum occt- 
dentale), had dropped its ripened fruit. Here also was a delicate 
grass (Agrostis Scouleri). Soon succeeded an old gravel-bar, and 
there was the beautiful blue-bell (Campanula rotundifolia), in full 
bloom, while covering whole patches of ground were the green 
cushions of the alpine phlox (Phlox Douglassi, var. diffusa), a 
plant likewise away from home, for never before have I seen it at _ 
any other place than on banks at or above the timber line and even 
above the glaciers. About noon we reached the end of the trail, 
and the goal for which the trail was cut out—the copper mines, as 
they are called. Claim marks were abundant, but if there is nota 
greater showing of copper than was generally found in the speci- 
mens examined by our mineralogist, Colonel Linsley, there will be 
no fear of their claims being “jumped.” A few specimens were 
tolerably rich in copper, but the majority showed much more of 
iron than the other metal. The various camping places were num- 
bered consecutively and marked very distinctly ‘1,’ ‘‘ 2,” “3,” 
etc. From our present camp, No. “2,’’ to ‘‘3,” there intervened 
only about three miles, and yet so great was the labor in making 
trail and occasional bridges for the mules; in cutting or sawing 
gigantic fallen trees and in looking for suitable fords (for the river 
was at this time deep and swift), that six days were consumed be- 
fore we reached the next camp. My attention was entirely diverted 
from botany to the uncongenial but none the less necessary hand- 
ling of axe, saw, shovel and pick, for shirks were not in favor in 
the camp, and all worked with a will. 
The only plants collected during this period were the pretty little 
birds-foot bramble Rubus pedatus ; several mosses, notable among 
which was the handsome black-moss (Scou/eria aquatica ); the 
_ western blue-berry ( Vaccinium ovalifolium), whose berries are too 
sour to gratify the taste, but ‘‘make up well’’ into puddings and 
pies. One of the high-altitude firs first put in an appearance here, 
and though the cones were too young for accurate diagnosis, it bore 
