28 Rhodora [FEBRUARY 
and single flowers on long pedicels it is easily recognized. But it 
should be noted that in this, as in the two preceding species, the stem 
is sometimes erect,—recurving if prolonged. The type specimens of 
Trattinnick were evidently erect; those of Torrey, prostrate. We find 
eight specimens of this species in the herbaria of the New England 
Botanical Club, and of Judge J. R. Churchill, — all collected in eastern 
Massachusetts. D 
Rusus nHisPIDUS, L., when no longer confused with A. se/osus is a 
well-marked species. It seems to be widely distributed in New Eng- 
land. Some authorities describe the fruit as red or purple; but I find 
it when ripe to be as black as that of its fellow species. The old ver- 
bal paradox still holds good, that blackberries are green when they 
are red. ; 
The following synopsis of the blackberries of New England has 
been carefully prepared, in the hope that it may prove of service in 
determining the species : — 
L BLACKBERRY PROPER. Canes erect or ascending. (Sometimes prostrate 
in A. setosus.) 
A. Plants tall, usually over three feet. 
I. Armed with stout prickles. 
a. Canes long and curving; new growth glandular pubescent; ra- 
cemes long, leafless, with divergent pedicels; fruit oblong. 
A, nigrobaccus. 
à. Fruit long, narrow, tapering; drupelets numerous and small; 
branches reddish; gland-tipped hairs abundant. Æ, allegheniensis. 
c. Canes strict, shorter; new growth finely pubescent, slightly if 
at all glandular; racemes shorter, often with leafy bracts at 
-base of lower pedicels; fruit roundish; petals broad. R. argutus. 
2. Prickles wanting, or if present few and small; leaflets glabrous, 
on new canes long acuminate. R. canadensis. 
B. Plants low, usually less than three feet. 
I, Prickles stout and numerous; leaves white beneath. R. cuneifolius. 
2. Prickles slender; leaves green beneath. x 
a. Prickles short, few or wanting. 
(1) Racemes very short, few-flowered, leafy; pedicels and leaves 
beneath softly pubescent; leaflets broad, terminal one on 
new canes often orbicular, slightly cordate at base, abruptly 
pointed, R. sativus. 
(2) Racemes loosely few-flowered, leafy; lower pedicels remote, 
long and ascending; leaflets glabrous with irregular teeth. 
R. nigrobaccus X villosus. 
(3) Racemes short; usually with a rather large simple leaf at base; 
leaflets glabrous or pubescent, with sharp and unequalteeth, 
on new canes ovate, acuminate, R. argutus var. Randit, 
6, Usually beset with slightly retrorse bristles, yellowish when young; 
leaflets glabrous, acute, from ovate to narrowly obovate. A. setosus. 
