1900] Fernald, — Notes on Echinacea 85 
This is a tall (1 m. or less) showy plant with entire lanceolate 
harsh leaves and slender drooping 2-toothed pale-purple rays 4 to 7 
cm. long, and it has been called in the standard floras Echinacea 
angustifolia, DC., or by Britton & Brown Brauneria pallida, Britton. 
As an indigenous plant it is found from Michigan and Illinois to 
Alabama and Texas, flowering in June and July, though, as stated, it is 
now becoming a weed by roadsides and in hay-fields in New England. 
Another plant which has generally been associated with this tall 
species with long drooping rays, and which like it is labelled in most 
herbaria Æchinacea angustifolia, is of broader range, generally growing 
only two or three decimeters high, and with 2-3-toothed rays much 
shorter (2 or 2.5 cm. long) and spreading, not drooping. This low 
harsh plant, with short spreading rays, is found from Tennessee to the 
Saskatchewan, Wyoming and Texas, and in different sections of its 
range it flowers from May (Texas) to August (Tennessee). In a 
recent paper, Mr. C. D. Beadle has described it as a new species, 
Brauneria tennesseensis.! 
That Mr. Beadle has good grounds for dividing into two species the 
material which has passed as Echinacea angustifolia (Brauneria pal- 
lida) there seems no doubt. But that he, before launching as an 
undescribed species his Araunerta tennesseensis, or that Dr. Britton, 
before making the new combination Brauneria pallida and placing 
under it “chinacea angustifolia, could have examined with care the 
descriptions of the earlier species of the group, does not seem possible. 
'The firstof these entire-leaved species was described from Arkansas 
by Nuttall as Rudbeckia pallida,? with “rays very long, dependent, 
bidentate, stem elongate, monocephalous,” and in a note Nuttal adds 
“greatly resembling X. purpurea | Echinacea purpurea] . . . the pedun- 
cle, or part of the stem destitute of leaves, fourteen or sixteen inches 
long." From this description and note there is no hesitation in 
identifying with Nuttall's species the tall plant with long drooping rays, 
now becoming naturalized in the northeast. The species first de- 
scribed by Nuttall as Rudbeckia pallida was afterwards placed by him 
in Æchinacea and should be known as Echinacea pallida, Nutt. 
Only two years after Nuttall first described his species, De Candolle 
took up in the Prodromus Moench's genus Echinacea. E. purpurea 
was described with *ligules very long, dependent, the apex acute, 
I Bot. Gaz. xxv. 359. 
2 Jour. Acad. Philad. vii. 77. 
