1900] Fernald, — Some Jesuit influences upon our flora 135 
it occurs in thickly settled regions, it is apparently of recent introduc- 
tion from Europe, and its behavior is that of a weed. It delights, 
under such circumstances, in monopolizing waste places and roadsides, 
but it is rarely found along water-courses. In *the Aroostook "! and 
Madawaska,” on the other hand, it is very unusual to find the campion 
growing along roadsides or in the neighborhood of dwellings: per- 
sonally I have seen it under such conditions only once and that was by 
the railroad at Fort Fairfield. 
Another European plant which one sees everywhere along the 
St. John is the mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris). In 1861, Professor 
Goodale called attention to this, expressing surprise that, at the mouth 
of the Madawaska and at the Grand Falls, it was found on rocks with 
the native species (4. canadensis). But for some reason this is the 
habitat of the mugwort through the entire Madawaska region. Here 
it prefers the gravelly thickets, where, with its dissected foliage of 
dark green and white and its elongated, dusty-white spires, it makes a 
striking companion for the goldenrods and asters; and further north, 
at Notre Dame du Lac, it abounds in the thickets of raspberry, elder, 
and other indigenous shrubs. But in eastern America the mugwort is 
generally an introduced plant and, like the campion, has taken pos- 
session of many rubbish heaps and old fields. It should be noted, 
however, that, on Hudson Bay, the very form which grows on the St. 
John is considered indigenous; and that early in this century both 
Michaux, the French explorer, and Pursh, whose short brilliant career 
was so full of pathetic romance, regarded our own plant as native, for, 
in the words of the former it was found “in septentrionalibus Canadze,"' 
and by the latter it was seen “ on the banks of rivers; Canada to New 
England." 
Many other European plants, less abundant on our northern rivers 
than the campion and the mugwort, should probably be considered 
with them. Among these are the field sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis) 
and one of the hawkweeds, for the present considered a form of Hiera- 
1 *'The Aroostook,” a general name, in Maine, for the section drained by the 
Aroostook river and its tributaries; and, by extension, also applied to the country 
drained by smaller branches of the St. John as far south as the Meduxnakeag. 
? Madawaska, that portion of Maine and New Brunswick drained by the St. 
John between the Grand Falls and Little Black river. The name, derived from 
Madawaska river, originally designated the settlement at its mouth, but is now applied 
to all the Acadian-French district of northern Maine and New Brunswick. 
