188 Rhodora [SEPTEMBER 
coast only as far north as Chateau Bay (lat. 52°). Furthermore, 
Vaccinium caespitosum is a species unique to North America, not of 
broad range in the northern hemisphere like most of the arctic-alpine 
species of New England. If, like them, it occurred in arctic America, 
we should expect to find it in northern Europe as well) But, as 
stated, there is no evidence that the dwarf bilberry is an arctic 
species, nor does it occur in Europe. 
In New England and adjacent Canada, furthermore, the plant is by 
no means confined to the alpine summits. In Vermont it has been 
found on the banks of the West River at an altitude of not more than 
400 feet (Rnopona, ii. 88). Among the White Mountains itis known 
from a few valley stations, — for example, by Moose river in Randolph, 
where it is said never to fruit, and in a pasture at Jackson. In Maine 
the writer has found it at low altitudes in many sections. ‘The York 
station recently discovered has been already mentioned. This, the 
most southern known colony of the shrub, is within the limits of a 
town where Sagina nodosa, Potentilla litoralis, P. tridentata, Plantago 
maritima, and other far-northern species are known, But these plants 
are all on rocky banks or cliffs near the sea, where the conditions are 
not unfavorable to arctic species. The Vaccinium, on the other hand, 
grows with huckleberries (Gaylussacia resinosa), columbine (Aguilegia 
canadensis), Lecheas, Helianthemums, and other plants of southern 
range, in dry open woods, nearly or quite three-fourths of a mile from 
the sea. 
With the exception of the York station (latitude 43° 8’), the 
dwarf bilberry is as yet unknown in Maine south of latitude 44° 50’. 
In the valley of the Kennebec it occurs on sheltered rocky banks at 
Madison, and from there northward is not uncommon, — as often on 
sunny hillsides as on sheltered banks. In the Carrabassett valley 
the shrub is found on sandy knolls near West Embden, and at New 
Portland it is abundant on the river bank. In the valley of the Sandy 
river it has been seen only by the river in Phillips, but no other lo- 
cality has been searched for it, In the valleys of the Penobscot and 
its tributaries, the Piscataquis, the Mattawamkeag, and the Wassa- 
taquoik, the plant is to be found on almost any ledgy or gravelly river- 
bank from Orono northward, and not infrequently the shrub abounds 
on dry sunny slopes. In fact, the * Sugar Loaf” in Orono, a hot sandy 
1 For discussion of such distribution, see RHODORA, ii. 38. 
