198 Rhodora [ OCTOBER 
form of the leaf is concerned, in the same manner that /ragaria 
monophylla deviates from typical Fragaria vesca.” ! 
The discovery of this peculiar plant in the Green Mountains is a 
fact of great significance, and the questions immediately arise, is it truly 
identical with the European Rubus idaeus, var. anomalus, or is ita rever- 
sion of the similar (if not identical) American ubus strigosus? In 
one particular alone do the American specimens differ from the 
European. Among the pubescence on the calyx and peduncles 
there are some stipitate glands, while the European plant ordinarily 
has no glands. 
Upon this character — the presence or absence of glands — rests 
the separation of the American Rubus strigosus and the European 
KA. ideaus. Yet the production of glands, as well as other characters, 
is very inconstant in the American species. Ordinarily characterized 
by the glandular calyx, plants are sometimes found with all possible 
gradations from the glandular to the glandless state. Before me are 
two numbered specimens of the American plant with absolutely no 
glands upon the calices — a sheet from Assiniboia, collected in the 
Cypress Hills by John Macoun (no. 4,550), and another from the 
Black Hills of South Dakota, collected in Elk Cañon by Rydberg 
(no. 657). These specimens are, very naturally, called Rubus stri- 
gosus, Michx., but, were they from European collectors, they would pass 
without question as A, ideaus, L. Other American specimens show 
strong tendencies toward the European A. zZaeus. For example, Piper's 
no. 2879, from Moscow Mountains, Idaho, though with numerous 
prickles on the calyx, is practically- glandless. Often, too, shrubs 
growing in shade show a strong tendency to lose not only the glands 
of the calyx but the white pubescence ordinarily characteristic of the 
leaves. Such tendencies are well illustrated by Piper's no. 2,268, 
from woods at Spokane, Washington, and by Sandberg, MacDougal, 
and Heller's no. 259, from rich bottoms in Nez Perces County, Idaho. 
Similar variations are more or less familiar to all who have watched 
the American plant in the field. Yet there is, without doubt, a very 
marked tendency toward the production of glands in the American 
plant, while the European form is commonly glandless. Maximowicz, 
following the views of some earlier authors, has treated the American 
and Asiatic plant as a variety of the European (A. idaeus, var. stri- 
10. W. Focke, Journ. Bot., x. 27 [translated from the Oesterreichische 
Botanische Zeitschrift, 1870, 98]. 
