1901] Fernald, — Northeastern Carices 5I 
C. ROSTRATA, Stokes. Culm o.3 to 1 m. high, rather stout : leaves 
elongated, flat, usually equalling or exceeding the culms, pale green 
or glaucous, o.2 to 1 cm. wide: staminate inflorescence mostly 
peduncled, of 2 to 4 distinct spikes; pistillate spikes mostly 2 to 4, 
sessile or the lower peduncled, cylindric, dense, 2 to 1o cm. long, 
6 to 12 mm.thick: perigynium ascending or slightly spreading, ovate, 
flask-shaped, 3 to 6 mm. long, rather abruptly contracted to the 
cylindric beak, somewhat exceeding the bluntish or acute oblong 
or lanceolate purple-tinged scale. — Stokes in With. Arrang. Brit. 
Pl. ed. 2, 1059 ; Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 67, & Mem. Torr. 
Club, i. 59. C. ampullacea, Good. Trans. Linn. Soc. ii. 207; Eng. 
Bot.-xi. t. 780; Fl. Dan. xiii. t. 2248; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. viii. 
t. 277; Carey in Gray, Man. 566 ; Boott. Ill. iv. t. 501. (C. utricu- 
ata, Boott, var. minor, Boott, Ill. i. 14; Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club, i. 
60, & in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 594.— Very wet swamps and in shallow 
water, Newfoundland and Labrador to Connecticut, New York, Illi- 
nois, the Saskatchewan and Vancouver, south in the mountains to 
Utah and California: Europe. 
Var. UTRICULATA, Bailey. Coarser; the mature spikes 1 to 2 cm. 
thick, often longer than in the species: perigynium elliptic-ovate to 
oblong, o.5 to 1 cm. long, tapering gradually to the beak. — Proc. 
Am. Acad. xxii. 67. C. utriculata, Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. ii 
221, & Ill. i. 14, t. 39; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 600, in part; Bailey in 
Gray, Man. ed. 6, 594, in part; Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl. i. 297, in 
part. C. ampullacea, Good., var. utriculata, Careyin Gray, Man. 566. 
—Newfoundland to New Jersey, Ohio, and the Saskatchewan ; in the 
Rocky Mountains to Utah, and on the Pacific Slope. 
Var. ambigens. Very slender, 3 to 5 dm. high, culms barely 1 
mm. in diameter below the spikes: leaves 2 to 5 mm. wide: stami- 
nate spikes 1 or 2; pistillate 1 to 3, globose or short-oblong, 1 to 2.5 
cm. long: perigynium as in the species. — NEw BRUNSWICK, South 
Tobique Lakes, July 18, t900 (G. U. Hay, no. 41) : MAINE, sandy 
shore of St. John River, St. Francis, June 18, 1898 (M. L. Fernald, 
nos. 2076, 2077). MHabitally resembling C. monile, but with the 
stiffer habit, spongy culms smooth and bluntly angled above, the 
nodulose leaves and the perigynia of C. rostrata. 
++ ++ Perigynium bladder-like (except in C. vesicaria, var. PRaeana): 
culm comparatively slender, sharp-angled above, often harsh: leaves 
slightly or not at all nodulose. 
= Beak of the perigynium usually slightly roughened or serrulate (see 
exceptional specimens of C. retrorsa). 
C. BULLATA, Schkuhr. Extremely slender, 7 dm. or less high. the 
long leaves 2 to 4 mm. wide: staminate spikes mostly 2 or 3, long- 
peduncled ; pistillate spike 1 (or if 2, remote), globose or thick- 
cylindric, 1 to 4 cm. long, r.5 to 2 cm. thick, rather loosely flowered : 
