126 Rhodora [May 
Truro, sandy roadside in Dyers Hollow, W. P. Rich, July 21, 1888, 
July 3, 1895, and in sandy fields, Aug. 5, 1896; Nantucket, sandy 
shore, Gibbs Pond, W. Deane, Sept. 11, 1885; Stoneham, wet soil 
near South Reservoir (843 in part) W. P. Rich; Framingham, Æ. C. 
Smith, June 8, 1899 and 738 Æ. C. Smith, July 21, 1899; South 
Dennis, 11 Æ. Brainerd, Aug. 22, 1877; Nantasket Beach, Æ. 
Brainerd, June 11, 1896. Connecticut: Waterford, dry sandy 
woods, Fog Plain, C. B. Graves, July 5, 1898 and in hemlock grove at 
“Precipice " June 20, 1898. 
$ III. ECHINOCHLOA. 
Spikelets densely imbricate, in thick, three- to four-ranked ra- 
cemes, which are alternate on the common rachis, sessile or short 
pedicellate; second and third glumes very acute, muricate-hispid 
generally bearing a long scabrous awn. 
* Sheaths smooth. 
34. PANICUM cRUS-GALLI Linn. Sp. Pl. 56, 1753. (Echinochloa 
crus-galli Beauv. Agrost. 53. 1812.) —A coarse, erect or ascending 
leafy annual, 3-12 dm. high, with densely flowered panicles. Culms 
smooth, often branching near the base; sheaths loose, very smooth, 
ligule none; leaves rather broad, flat, 0.5 to 6 dm. long, smooth or 
scabrous on the surfaces, margins serrulate. Spikelets densely and 
irregularly crowded in 3 or 4 rows along one side of the short 
spike-like branches of the panicle, these branches 5 to 15 or 20, 
usually simple, the lower ones 2-8 cm. long, becoming shorter and 
more crowded above, usually erect or ascending. Spikelets about 
3 mm. long; first glume one-fourth to one-half the length of the 
spikelet, acute or mucronate-pointed, 3-nerved; second and third 
glumes smooth, pubescent or muricate-hispid along the nerves; the 
second s-nerved, awnless or short-awned ; the third 7-nerved, at least 
near the tip awnless or sometimes long-awned, and with a palea in 
its axil; fourth or fruiting glume smooth, awnless, or short awn- 
pointed. 
General distribution: a well known annual of rank growth com- 
mon throughout the United States in cultivated and waste places. 
Introduced from Europe. Some apparently native forms, usually 
with long-awned spikelets are found along water courses in the south. 
July to October. 
The awnless form has been called variety muticum by various au- 
thors. 
MaiNE: North Berwick, 7. C. Parlin, Aug. 1898; Rumford, 7. C. 
Parlin, 1890; Orono, F. Z. Harvey, Aug. 1895, F. P. Briggs, Aug. 
1890; East Auburn, Æ. D. Merrill, July, 1897 ; North Berwick, wet 
clay soil, 7. C. Parlin, Aug. 26, 1894 (awnless form). NEw 
