1903] Fernald,— Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum 179 
erally through the eastern United States and southern Canada much 
difficulty has been encountered. Careful search through European 
literature has shown that Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum is there 
regarded as a species very variable in its foliage, but in only one 
flora has the form so generally established in America been clearly 
defined. Lamarck & De Candolle in their Flore Française divided 
C. Leucanthemum into six varieties ; and of these var. “y, foliis semi- 
pinnatifidis” with the further note that “la variété y a les feuilles 
toutes découpées et presque pinnatifides,” ! seems to be the plant so 
generally established in America. In the Gray Herbarium two 
French specimens, one cultivated in 1832 in the Luxembourg Garden, 
the other from the fields of Arenthon, Haute-Savoie, labeled “V. à 
feuilles pinnatifides," are quite like the common American plant ; but 
these, as indicated by their labels, were collected in France as note- 
worthy variations, An old English specimen, collected in 1838 by 
John Ball in Westmoreland, departs considerably from the typical 
form of C. Leucanthemum as recognized by Nees, Schultz, Klatt, Blytt, 
and others, as does the plate in Sowerby's English Botany (ix. t. 
601) showing that in England as well as France an extreme form 
very like the American tendency of the plant occurs. 
In order further to verify the conclusions to which the study of 
these plants was leading, the writer sent specimens from Vermont of 
the characteristic American form and from New Carlisle, Quebec, of 
the Baie des Chaleurs plant, to Dr. Max Gürke, Custodian of the 
Royal Botanical Museum at Berlin, whose continuation of Richter's 
Plantae Europeae is setting so high a standard of scholarship in the 
preparation of botanical check-lists. In response to the letter accom- 
panying these specimens, Dr. Gürke says under date of May 25, 1903: 
* Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum ist in Mitteleuropa ausserordent- 
lich variabel in Bezug auf die Blattform, und viele Autoren erwahnen 
dies auch in ihren Beschreibungen. So sagt, um nur ein Beispiel 
anzuführen, Dö in seiner Flora von Baden p. 920: ‘Untere 
Blatter gestielt, verkehrt-eifórmig, kerbig-geziihnt; die stengelstandi- 
gen sitzend, halb-stengelumfassend, lünglich-lineal, gesägt. ^ Variirt 
mit eingeschnittenen, selbst fast fiederspaltigen Blättern, mit fast 
ebenstrüussigem Blütenstand und mit einem durch stärkere Behaarung 
graulich-weissem Stengel.’ 
* Soweit ich aus der Litteratur ersehen habe, führt aber kein Autor 
Varietäten in Bezug auf die Blattform mit desonderem Namen an, und 
! Lam. & DC. Fl. Fr. iv. 178 (1805). 
