194 Rhodora [AucusT 
other and more significant characters which separate the New World 
material very readily from the European. 
If we examine specimens or good plates! of the European Zuzula 
vernalis (L. pilosa) we shall see that the plant is caespitose but 
scarcely if at all stoloniferous. The inflorescence is umbelliform, 
but most of the unequal elongate stiff peduncles are terminated by 
small cymes, the lateral branchlets or pedicels being strongly diver- 
gent. The sepals and petals are firm and lucid, deep brown or 
castaneous, with paler margins. ‘The lucid (as if varnished) capsule is 
conic-globose at base, blunt or subtruncate with a short mucro at tip. 
The American plant which has oftenest passed as Zuzula vernalis is 
loosely caespitose with slender elongate and freely branching root- 
stock. Its umbelliform inflorescence is usually quite simple, though 
a few of the filiform flexuous peduncles are sometimes anthelate, 
bearing 2 (or very rarely 3) remote flowers toward their tips. The 
sepals and petals are softer and duller, usually pale brown with white 
margins. The slightly lucid or dull capsule is broadly conic-ovoid, 
tapering gradually to the tip. In fact, the plant so characteristic of 
rich woods in the Appalachian district and the interior forested 
region of North America has little in common with Zuzula vernalis 
of Europe. It is not, however, strictly confined to eastern America, 
butlike many other species with which it is associated, this plant 
reappears in northeastern Asia. 
In his discussion of Zuzula plumosa, Meyer, a Central Asian spe- 
cies resembling Z. vernalis (Z. pilosa), Professor Buchenau says: 
“echte Z. pilosa aus Ostasien sah ich noch nicht; vielleicht gehört 
aber doch dahin die von der Amerikanischen Pacific-Expedition 
(1853-56) bei Petropaulowsk in Kamschatka gesammelte Pflanze." ? 
The Kamtschatkan plant referred to by Professor Buchenau was 
collected by Charles Wright, and the material in the Gray Herbarium 
matches exactly in stolons, inflorescence, flower and capsule the plant 
of eastern America. 
This American and Kamtschatkan plant so long confused with 
the European Zuzula vernalis is quite as unlike other recognized 
species of the subgenus ZYerodes, although by Dr. J. K. Small it has 
been considered 3 the same as Zuzula Carolinae, Watson.* Z. Caro- 
1 For example: Flora Danica, iii. t. 441 (1770); Sowerby, Engl. Bot. xi. t. 736 
(1800) ; Host, Gram. iii, t. 100 (1805); or Syme, Engl. Bot. x. t. 1548 (1873). 
$ Buchenau, |. c. 86. — ? Torreya, i. 74 (1901). ‘Proc. Am. Acad. xiv. 302 
(1879). 
