1904] Evans, — Notes on New Enf,dand Hepaticae, — II 187 



with subulate divisions; antiieridia solitary, oval : capsule oval, yel- 

 lowish brown, 0.9 mm. long, 0.5 mm. in diameter ; spores minutely 

 verruculose, yellowish brown, 12 /x in diameter; elaters reddish 

 brown, with two spirals, 9 /u, in diameter. 



On shaded banks and rotten loi^s. New Hampshire. White 

 Mountains {Oakes)} Massachusetts: Woods Holl {A. IV. £.) ; 

 Amesbury (/. IV. Huntington) ; West Newbury {Miss C. C. Hayncs). 

 Connecticut : Westville {R. Veitch, A. IV E.) ; New Haven and 

 Orange {D. C.Eaton); Hamden {D. C. Eaton, A. IV. E.). The 

 Westville spjcimens collected by the writer in April, 1903, may be 

 designated the type. The following stations beyond the limits of 

 New England may also be noted : Quaker Bridge, New Jersey {A. 

 W. E.) ; Washington, D. C. (/. M. Holzinger) ; Tibbs Run, West 

 Virginia {A. LeRoy Andrcivs) ; Dickey's Creek, Virginia {Mrs. 

 Britton &' Miss Vail) ; Enterprise, Florida (Z. M. Underwood). 



The leaf subtending a lateral branch in L. sylvatica is sometimes 

 bitid and sometimes undivided; in other cases there is no subtend- 

 ing leaf wliatever {fig. j) . The latter condition in fact is normally 

 found on one side of a branching axis while subtending leaves occur 

 on the other. The absence of such a leaf indicates that the whole, 

 instead of a part, of an apical segment has entered into the formation 

 of the branch. This substitution of a branch for an entire leaf is of 

 especial interest and has not before been noted in the Hepaticae, 

 although its occurrence was long ago suspected by Leitgeb.'-^ The 

 subtending leaves are sometimes found on the right hand side of an 

 axis and sometimes on the left, according to the direction of the 

 spiral. Similar variations also occur in L. setacea. 



In their vegetative organs L. setacea and L. sylvatica resemble 

 each other very closely, and it is sometimes difficult to determine 

 sterile and poorly developed material. Usually, however, the leaves 

 and especially the underleaves offer a few reliable points of differ- 

 ence. Under favorable conditions Z. setacea is more robust, and its 

 leaves are more regularly quadrilid ; in many cases the antical seg- 

 ment bears an accessory tooth on its free margin, a condition which 

 is exceedingly rare in Z. sylvatica. Occasionally a bitid subtending 

 leaf will show an accessory tooth of this character on each side. The 



' These specimens have not been seen l)y the writer ; further reference is made 

 to them on page 189. 



^ ]5ot. Zeit. 29 : 562. 187 1. 



