1905] Hall, — Vegetative Reproduction of Spiranthes 49 
roseate) erect lobes: disc shallowly lobed : drupe dry, greenish-drab 
as in C. umbellata.— C. umbellata, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. ii, 139, in part, 
and t. 179 A, not Nutt.— QueBEc, sandy alluvium of the Grand 
River, Gaspé County, July, 1903 (CŒ. H. Richards), July 1, 1904 
(M. L. Fernald) ; dry sandy woods, Tadousac, July 14, 1904 (M. Z. 
Fernald), September 1, 1904 (Y. 4. Collins & M. L. Fernald) : ONTA- 
RIO, woods near Belleville, May 22, 1878 (Y. Macoun): MANITOBA, 
Lake Winnipeg Valley, 1857-1859 (Æ. Bourgeau): SASKATCHEWAN, 
Cumberland House (Drummond): AssiN1BOIA, Sand Hills, Moose 
Mountain Creek, June 6, 1883 (J. M. Macoun) : WISCONSIN, St. 
Croix Falls, May, 1899 (C. F. Baker): NEBRASKA, Ponco, June 13, 
1893 (F. Clements, no. 2519): MISSOURI, dry woods, St. Louis County, 
May 27, 1877, April 23, 1878 (H. Eggert): Kansas, Independence, 
1882 (£. VW. Plank). 
GRAY HERBARIUM. 
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION OF SPIRANTHES 
CERNUA. 
JOHN GALENTINE HALL. 
AMONG the orchids, in spite of the great amount of seed produced, 
we all know how difficult it is to find seedlings of our native species in 
their haunts. With this knowledge comes the question, how do they 
perpetuate themselves? In most cases the answer is quite plain. 
In Arethusa a new bulb is formed each year. This is also true of 
Calopogon and Microsty- 
lis. In Habenaria a spe- 
cialized root is formed 
each year and gives rise 
to a new plant in the fol- 
lowing spring. Pogonia 
has an extensive system 
of branching roots, which 
give off stems at various 
intervals. In P. ophioglossoides Y have found roots six to eight feet 
long bearing ten to twenty stems upon them, and in Z. verticillata 
