54 Rhodora [Marcu 
pallescens Ehrh. Crypt. Exsic. 502; Hoffmann, Deutschlands Flora, 
2: 87. 1795. J. polyanthos B pallescens Lindenb. Nova Acta Acad. 
Caes. Leop.-Carol. 14, suppl.: 30. 1829. Chiloscyphus lophocoleordes 
Nees, Naturgeschichte der europ. Lebermoose, 2: 365. 1836. J. 
ascendens Hook. & Wils.; Drummond, Musc. Amer. St. Merid. 765. 
1841. C. labiatus Tayl. Lond. Jour. Bot. 5: 284. 1846. C. ascendens 
Sulliv. Gray’s Manual, Ed. I. 691. 1848; Ed. II. 691. 77. 7. 1856. 
C. polyanthos B pallescens Hartm. Fl. Scand. Ed. X. 2: 145. 1871. 
C. polyanthos B viticulosus Lindb. Not. pro. F. et Fl. Fenn. I3: 354. 
1874. | C. viticulosus Lindb. Acta Soc. Sc. Fenn. 10: 505. 1875. 
On rotten logs, rarely on shaded banks rich in humus. Mountains 
of New England ( W. Oakes). Jackson, New Hampshire (4. W. £.). 
Connecticut: Bethany (D. C. Eaton); Oxford (E. B. Harger) ; 
Woodbridge and Salisbury (4. W. #.). Although C. pallescens has 
long been recognized by European botanists, it has usually been 
regarded as a variety of the common and widely distributed C. poly- 
anthus. The most reliable characters separating the two species are 
drawn from the leaf-cells and from the perianth. In C. polyanthus 
the cells are usually less than 30 q in diameter, and the lobes of the 
perianth are entire or nearly so; in C. pallescens the cells measure 
35-40 p or even more, and the lobes of the perianth are more or less 
dentate or lacerate. C. polyanthus, moreover, grows in very wet 
localities, sometimes on the earth or mixed with mosses in swamps, 
sometimes affixed to stones in running water, sometimes floating in 
shaded pools. Both species are autoicous in their inflorescence. 
According to the published descriptions C. ascendens and C. palles- 
cens are very closely related species, but differ from each other in 
their underleaves, those of C. ascendens being quadrifid while those 
of the other species are only bifid. This difference, however, is most 
inconstant. The underleaves of C. ascendens, as a matter of fact, 
are deeply bifid, just as in C. pallescens, the divisions being long 
and slender and tapering out into hair-like points. Sometimes these 
divisions are entire; sometimes one or both of them will show a 
short tooth, rarely more than three cells long, close to the base. 
These teeth give a trifid or quadrifid appearance to the underleaves ; 
but, as similar teeth may also be found in European material of C. 
pallescens, they cannot yield differential characters of importance. 
It seems necessary, therefore, to consider C. ascendens a simple syno- 
nym of C. pallescens. 
