1905] Chrysler, Reforestation at Woods Hole 125 
these varieties which 1 imported, mixing them with the seeds of the 
native sorts. I began in 1861 to scatter them broadcast on the 
sward, without any care or system, and continued it for three or four 
years, and now I have a stretch of nearly one hundred acres covered 
with a dense growth of evergreen trees, giving pleasure to the eye 
and the promise of great usefulness.” 
If one now walks through the woods with this description written 
in 1878 in hand, he readily sees that in the course of twenty-five 
years a considerable change has come over the face of the land- 
scape, now characterized mainly by the presence of many deciduous 
trees mixed with the evergreens and in many places outnumbering 
the latter. Moreover, the older Scotch pines present a sickly ap- 
pearance, having many bare branches, though young specimens look 
particularly vigorous. Plate 63, fig. 2, represents an elevated spot 
near Buzzards Bay, in the tract mentioned as planted subsequent 
to 1861. Most of the trees in the background are Pinus sylvestris ; 
it will be noticed that the oldest ones look decidedly unhealthy. 
Some dead specimens have been cut out in the foreground. The 
seedlings which have grown up under the shelter of the pines are 
here as in all parts of the woods Quercus tinctoria and Q. alba, with 
afew Pinus sylvestris. The spot pictured is not quite typical of the 
whole woods, for it was chosen on account of the open character of 
the vegetation. Usually the oaks are considerably larger, and with 
them are hickory, white and pitch pine, maple, allin smaller numbers 
than the oaks. The shrubs not clearly shown in the photograph 
are Rhus copallina, Myrica carolinensis and Rubus villosus, which 
may be regarded as relicts, and Prunus serotina, Amelanchier cana- 
densis, Rhus toxicodendron, Corylus rostrata, Viburnum dentatum, 
which accompany the deciduous trees in the mesotropic develop- 
ment of the flora, and hence may be called pioneers. 
The various parts of this piece of woodland present quite different 
appearances on account of (1) the differences in planting, as well as 
of (2) physical conditions such as drainage. Several areas on which 
English larch predominates illustrate the first conditions; these trees 
have been planted to replace the pines, and have suffered from the 
ravages of an insect which destroys the leaves. In other parts 
English white oak (Q. robur), white pine, Austrian pine, spruce, 
catalpa, sycamore maple, Norway maple, and locust (Robinia pseud- 
acacia) are more or less prominent. Areas illustrating the second 
