1905] Fernald, A Northern Cynoglossum 249 
A NORTHERN CYNOGLOSSUM. 
M. L. FERNALD. 
Cynoglossum virginicum L., as accepted by American botanists, is 
supposed to extend northward into the Maritime Provinces and south- 
ward to Florida and Louisiana, a range much broader than is covered 
by most of our Eastern plants. In New England and eastern Can- 
ada, where the introduced C. officinale often abounds, the indigenous 
species of Cynoglossum is very local, and it is only occasionally that 
one has an opportunity to study the native plant in the field. In 
July, 1905, however, while ascending with Messrs. E. F. Williams and 
J. F. Collins, the Little Cascapedia River in the County of Bonaven- 
ture, Quebec, I found a colony of the plant growing under larches in 
dry sandy alluvium. The characteristic species of the alluvium, 
Arnica mollis, Dryas Drummondi, Astragalus frigidus, var. amert- 
canus, Sisyrinchium montanum, Calamagrostis Scribneri, etc., were 
all high-northern or Rocky Mountain species; and it was, there- 
fore, surprising to find with them a plant supposed to extend to 
Florida and the lower Mississippi. 
Later study of the plant from the Little Cascapedia shows that in 
many points it differs from the plant of the Southern and Middle 
States, though it is quite like that of adjacent Canada, northern New 
England and New York, the Great Lakes and the northern Rocky 
Mountains. The more southern plant, the true Cynoglossum vir- 
ginicum of Linnaeus, possibly extends into western New England, 
and plants under that name have been reported from western Massa- 
chusetts and Connecticut. Mr. E. B. Chamberlain in his study of 
the New England Boraginaceae, however, was unable to verify the 
reports and the most northern material at hand comes from New Jer- 
sey and Pennsylvania. From there it extends southward, mostly in 
deciduous woods to the Gulf of Mexico, and west to Missouri and 
Texas. It is villous-hispid nearly to the inflorescence, and all but 
the very lowermost leaves are clasping. In anthesis its calyx is 3.5— 
4.5 mm. long; and its corolla 1o or 12 mm. broad, with suborbicular 
lobes and closed sinuses. The strongly echinate compressed orbic- 
ular-obovoid nutlets are cuneate at base, 7-9 mm. long. 
! RHODORA, iii. 214. 
