1906] Brainerd, — Hybridism in the Genus Viola 51 



Arlington, twelve miles further south, in a boggy meadow where the 

 two species grew together, I succeeded in finding another of these odd 

 forms, seemingly a V. cucullata with violet flowers and bearded spur- 

 petal. This Arlington plant was transferred to the garden, and this 

 as well as the Manchester plant, as they developed through the sum- 

 mer, fully confirmed my suspicion as to their hybrid origin. They 

 were both luxuriant and bore numerous cleistogamous flowers, that 

 proved to be nearly sterile; I succeeded in getting only nine seeds for 

 an experiment in sowing. 



In the six following hybrids the parent species all belong to the 

 sagittata-cuculkda group, whose cleistogamous flowers are borne on 

 erect peduncles and produce oblong green capsules clad with lanceo- 

 late long-auricled se])als. The species are all glabrous except V. 

 fimbrlafula; and all that occur in the eastern States have violet-purple 

 flowers with a bearded spur-petal, exce])t V. cucuUaia. They diff'er 

 widely, however, in leaf outline, and thus have conspicuous characters 

 that led to the early recognition of the five species, and that have also 

 recently attracted attention to most of the intermediate forms result- 

 ing from hybridization. 



12. V. SAGiTTATA X SEPTEMLOHA. — This Striking hybrid is fig- 

 ured in plate 66, a & b. It was collected by Mr. H. D. House at 

 Hyattsville, Md., ]\Iay 1 & June 8, 1905, growing with the parent 

 species, and was recognized by him as a hybrid. I also regard as the 

 same a plant in the Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, 

 collected by Dr. Britton at Oakwood, Staten Island, X. Y., Sept., 

 1897, and labeled "V. cmarrjinata." It shows several quite sterile 

 capsules, and its vegetative vigor is indicated by the added note, "plant 

 one foot in diameter." Also in the National Herbarium is a specimen 

 with leaves quite like those of the Hyattsville plant, collected by Wm. 

 S. Davis, New Dorp, Staten Island, July 29, 1889, and labeled " V. 

 sagittata." 



13. V. FiMnRiATULA X SEPTEMLOIJA. — This was published as V. 

 Mulfordae by Mv. C. L. Pollard (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv. 203.) 

 and based on specimens collected by Miss F. A. Mulford at Hemp- 

 stead Plains, Long Island, N. Y., May 13, 1902. Through the kind- 

 ness of Miss Mulford, I received in September, 1904, ten or twelve 

 plants of her violet, which have been under observation in the garden 

 during the past season. They had the usual vigorous growth of hy- 



