1907] On the Vienna Rules of Nomenclature 39 
$ 4. Names of species and of subdivisions of species. 
Art. 26. All species, even those that singly constitute a genus, are 
designated by the name of the genus to which they belong followed 
by a name (or epithet) termed specific, usually of the nature of an 
adjective (forming a combination of two names, a binomial, or binary 
name). 
Examples: Dianthus monspessulanus, Papaver Rhoeas, Fumaria Gussonei, 
Uromyces Fabae, Geranium Robertianum, Embelia Sarasinorum, Adiantum 
Capillus-Veneris. Linnaeus has sometimes introduced symbols in specific 
names; these must according to art. 26 be transcribed. Ex.: Scandix 
Pecten-Veneris (= Scandir Pecten 9); Veronica Anagallis-aquatica (= 
Veronica Anagallis 7). 
Recommendations. 
VIII. The specific name should, in general, give some indication of the 
appearance, the characters, the origin, the history or the properties of the 
species. If taken from the name of a person, it usually recalls the name of 
the one who discovered or described it, or was in some way concerned with it. 
IX. Names of men and women and also names of countries and localities 
used as specific names, may be substantives in the genitive (Clusii, saharae) 
or adjectives (Clusianus, dahuricus). It will be well, in the future, to avoid 
the use of the genitive and the adjectival form of the same name to designate 
two different species of the same genus [for example Lysimachia Hemsleyana 
Maxim. (1891) and L. Hemsleyi Franch. (1895)]. 
X. Specific names begin with a small letter except those which are taken 
from names of persons (substantives or adjectives) or those which are taken 
from generic names (substantives or adjectives). 
Examples: Ficus indica, Circaea lutetiana, Brassica Napus, Lythrum 
Hyssopijolia, Aster novibelgii, Malva Tournefortiana, Phyteuma Halleri. 
XI. When a specific name is taken from the name of a man, it is formed 
in the following way: 
a) When the name ends in a vowel, the letter 7 is added (thus Glazioui 
from Glaziou: Bureau from Bureau), except when the name ends in a, when 
e is added (thus Balansae from Balansa). 
b) When the name ends in a consonant, the letters ii are added (thus 
Magnusii from Magnus; Ramondii from Ramond), except when the word 
ends in er when 7 is added (ex. Kerneri, from Kerner). 
c) Syllables which are not modified by these endings retain their original 
spelling, even in the case of the consonants k and w or groupings of vowels 
which are not used in classic latin. Letters foreign to the latin of botanists 
should be transcribed, and diacritic signs suppressed. The german i, 6, ü, 
become ae, oe, ue, the french é, è, and ê become, in general, e. 
d) When specific names taken from the name of a person have an adjectival 
form a similar plan is adopted (Geranium Robertianum, Carex Hallerana, 
Ranunculus Boreauanus, etc.) 
XII. The same applies to the names of women, These are written in 
the feminine when they have a substantial form. 
Example: Cypripedium Hookerae, Rosa Beatricis, Scabiosa Olgae, Ompha- 
lodes Luciliae. 
XIII. In the formation of specific names composed of two or several 
roots and taken from latin or greek, the vowel placed between the two roots 
