1907] On the Vienna Rules of Nomenclature 45 
Section 5. On the precision to be given to names by the citation of 
` the author who first published them. 
Art. 40. For the indication of the name or names of a group to 
be accurate and complete, and in order that the date may be readily 
verified, it is necessary to quote the author who first published the 
name or combination of names in question. 
Examples: Simarubaceae Lindley, Simaruba Aublet, Simaruba laevis 
Grisebach, Simaruba amara Aublet var. opaca Engler. 
Art. 41. An alteration of the constituent characters or of the 
circumscription of a group does not warrant the quotation of another 
author than the one who first published the name or combination of 
names. 
When the changes have been considerable, the words: mutatis 
charact., or pro parte, or excl. gen., excl. sp., excl. var., or some other 
abridged indication, are added after the citation of the original author, 
according to the nature of the changes that have been made, and of 
the group in question. 
Examples: Phyllanthus L. em. (emendavit) Müll. Arg.; Myosotis L. pro 
parte, R. Br.; Globularia cordijolia L. excl. var. B.; etc. 
Art. 42. When a manuscript name has been published and referred 
to its author, the name of the person who published it should be 
appended to the citation. The same rule should be followed for 
names of garden origin when they are cited as “Hort.” 
Examples: Capparis lasiantha R. Br. ex or apud DC.; Streptanthus hetero- 
phyllus Nutt. in Torr. et Gray; Gesnera Donklarüi Hort. ex or apud Hook. 
Bot. Mag. tab. 5070. 
Art. 43. When, in a genus, a name is applied to a group which is 
moved into another group where it retains the same rank, or to a group 
which becomes of higher or lower rank than before, the change is 
equivalent to the creation of a new group and the author who has 
effected the change is the one to be quoted. The original author 
can be cited only in parenthesis. 
Examples. — Chieranthus tristis L. when moved into the pe Matthiola 
becomes Matthiola tristis R. Br., or Matthiola tristis (L.) R. Br. —- Medicago 
lymorpha L. var. orbicularis L. when raised to the rank of a species becomes 
M praan orbicularis All. or Medicago orbicularis (L.) All. 
Recommendations. 
XXV. Authors’ names put after names of plants are abbreviated, unless 
they are very short. 
