1907] On the Vienna Rules of Nomenclature 51 
must be changed if borne already by a valid form of like rank in that 
species. 
Examples.— Spartium biflorum Desf. (1798-1800) when transferred by 
Spach in 1849 into the genus Cytisus could not be called Cytisus biflorus, but 
was renamed Cytisus Fontanesii, because of the previous existence of a valid 
species Cytisus biflorus L'Hérit. (1789). The earliest synonym of Calochortus 
Nuttallit Torr. et Gray (in Pacific Rail. Rep. IL, 124 [1855-1856] is Fritillaria 
alba Nutt. (Gen. Amer. I, 222 [1818] but we cannot restore the original epi- 
thet of this species, although this has been done in the Notizbl. des K. bot. 
Gartens und Mus. Berl. II, 318 (1899), because there exists already a valid 
species in the genus with the name Calochortus albus Dougl. in Maund Botan- 
4st t. 98 (1839). : 
Art. 54. “Names of genera must be rejected in the following special 
cases: 
1. When they are formed from a technical term borrowed from 
morphology, unless they are accompanied by specific names. 
2. When they express uninominal nomenclature. 
3. When they are formed of two words, unless these two words 
were from the first united or joined by a hyphen 
Examples.— 1°. Generic names such as Lignum, Radix, Spina, ete. would 
not now be admissible; on the other hand a generic name like T'uber should 
not be rejected when it has been published with specific names (T'uber ciba- 
rium ete.).— 2. Ehrhart (Phytophylacium [1780] and Beiträg. IV, 145-150) 
made use of a uninominal nomenclature for species known at that time under 
binary names (Phaeocephalum, Leptostachys, etc.). These names, which 
resemble generie names, must not be confused with such and are to be rejected, 
unless a subsequent author has given them the value of a generic name: for 
example Baeothryon, a uninominal expression of Ehrhart's, has been applied 
to a genus characterised by A. Dietrich Spec. Pl. II, 89 (1833).— 3°. Names 
like Quisqualis ( a single word from the first), Sebastiano-Schaueria and Neves- 
Armondia will stand. 
Art. 55. Specifie names must also be rejected in the following 
special cases: 
1". When they are ordinals serving for purpose of enumeration. 
29, When they merely repeat the generic name. 
Examples.— 1°. Boletus vicesimus sextus, Agaricus octogesimus nonus.— 
2°. Linaria Linaria, Raphanistrum Raphanistrum etc. 
Art. 56. In the cases foreseen in articles 51 to 55, the name to be 
rejected or changed is replaced by the oldest valid name in the group 
in question, and in default of such a one a new name must be made. 
Examples: See the examples cited under articles 51 and 53. 
Art. 57. The original spelling of a name must be retained, except 
in case of a typographic or orthographic error. When the difference 
