114 Rhodora [Jury 
prickles, sometimes nearly 1 cm. long, of the usually ashy gray or 
yellowish tomentose involucre, by the thinner texture and more yel- 
lowish green color of the distinctly serrate leaves which are usually 
cuneate at the base. Of the synonyms quoted above only F. ferruginea 
of Michaux and of Rafinesque and F. ferruginea latifolia Loudon refer 
to this variety as distinguished expressly from the southern variety. It 
is distributed from Nova Scotia to Ontario and Minnesota and in the 
mountains as far south as Virginia. 
Forma pubescens is described above. 
Var. caroliniana Fernald & Rehder, comb. nov.— F. sylvativa Walter, 
Fl. Carol. 233 (1788).— F. sylvestris F. A. Michaux, Hist. Arb. 
Am. 2:170, pl. 8. (1812).— F. rotundifolia Rafinesque, Atlant. Jour. 
177. (1833).— F. alba Rafinesque, New. Flor. 3:80 (1836).— F. 
heterophylla Rafinesque, l. c.— F. nigra Rafinesque |. c.— F. fer- 
ruginea var. caroliniana Loudon, Arb. Frut. Brit. 3: 1980 fig. 1915 
(1838).— F. ferruginea Chapman, Fl. S. U. S. 425 (1860).— F. ameri- 
cana Small, Fl. S. E. U. S. 347 (1903). 
Differs from the type in the shorter and fewer prickles of the densely 
rufous-tomentose involucre; and the generally smaller fruits not exceed- 
ing the involucre, the broader usually only denticulate leaves, often 
subcordate at the base, at maturity of firmer texture and of a dull 
dark bluish green color. The characteristic differences in the fruit 
between the northern and the southern variety are well brought out 
by the figures of Michaux; and Rafinesque’s description of his F. 
Jerruginea as having the “female flowers with many linear smooth 
bracts” shows that he, too, noticed this character. Distributed from 
New Jersey to Florida and west to southern Illinois, Missouri and 
Texas. In the border regions of the range of the northern and south- 
ern variety intermediate forms are often found and even in southern 
New England trees approaching the southern variety occur. 
forma mollis Fernald & Rehder, f. n.— 
Differt a varietate ` caroliniana folis subtus tota facie dense et 
molliter pubescentibus. 
Differs from the variety caroliniana by the densely and softly pubescent 
under side of the leaves. 
Froripa: Tallahassee, Leon County, Aug. 7-9, 1895 Geo. V. 
Nash (No. 2339). Louisiana: New Orleans, 1832, Drummond (no. 
318). 
The type specimen from Florida has ovate or oval, denticulate 
