1907] Fernald,— Salicornia Europaea in Eastern America 205 
the annual plant, setting off as a distinct species the perennial S. 
fruticosa. Subsequent authors have been inclined to follow the second 
edition of the Species instead of the first, and to designate the annual 
plant of both Europe and America as S. herbacea L. (1763). 
The name Salicornia europaea, however, as shown not only by its 
position on the page but by its italic-type, was intended by Linnaeus, 
in 1753, to designate a species embracing two variations, one annual 
and herbaceous, the other evergreen and fruticose; and it must, of 
course, be retained for at least one of its components, although in 1763 
Linnaeus himself discarded the name. In fact, in 1762, one year prior 
to the publication of the name Salicornia herbacea, the annual herba- 
ceous plant was clearly treated by Hudson, in his Flora Anglica, as 
S. europaea, and several forms (including the fruticose plant) were 
indicated without names. ‘Thus it is doubly certain that the herba- 
ceous plant, clearly defined by Hudson in 1762 as S. europaea, should 
retain that name instead of the later S. herbacea of Linnaeus (1763). 
The plant which is usually interpreted as typical Salicornia europaea 
(S. herbacea) is somewhat bushy-branched, with the ascending simple 
or commonly forking spikes comparatively slender (1.5-2.5 mm. thick). 
This plant is common on our Atlantic coast, from eastern New Bruns- 
wick to Georgia, and it occurs in alkaline places in the interior of New 
Brunswick and New York, also on the Pacific coast. 
Another plant, differing somewhat from the typical Salicornia 
europaea in having the elongate spikes much thicker (34.5 mm. thick) 
and more commonly simple or subsimple, is represented in the her- 
baria examined by several sheets from the coast of New Brunswick, 
Nova Scotia, and New England, and from Salina, New York; and it 
is apparently of wide distribution. 'Phis thick-spiked extreme seems 
to be the plant described by Koch as S. herbacea, B pachystachya. 
'The third plant is more distinct from the upright bushy-branched 
Salicornia europaea, for its freely-forking branches are very lax and 
often drooping, the lowermost commonly much elongated and quite 
prostrate upon the ground. The plant, thus forming closely prostrate 
or loosely spreading mats, is the characteristic representative of the 
species about the mouth of the River St. Lawrence, and from there it 
follows the coastal marshes southward as far as the entrance to the 
Bay of Fundy. It also occurs in alkaline places in the Saskatchewan 
region. This plant is identical with much Old World material which 
is considered without question to be S. prostrata Pallas. In its best 
