1908]  Sears,— A southern Flora in Essex County, Mass. 43 
I. A warm epoch is indicated by the presence in Essex County and 
in adjacent parts of New "England of a southern flora which has 
become acclimated here and is apparently a survival from a warmer 
period. ‘The most striking plants of this flora are enumerated below, 
and for sake of clearness the distance in miles from their stations 
north of Boston to the nearest known stations south of Boston is 
given. 
Nearest known 
E : Interval o" 
Names of Plants. Stations north of Boston. in М! 2 жі е of 
Sparganium lucidum 
Fernald & Eames. Medford. 65 Barnstable, Mass. 
Sagittaria Engelmanniana 
J. G. Smith, 
Echinodorus tenellus 
Tewksbury. 
Barnstable, Mass. 
(Martius) Buchenau. Winchester. 340 Canterbury, Del. 
Scirpus Hallii Gray Winchester, 1115 Indian River, Fla. 
Fuirena squarrosa Michx. Tewksbury. 50 Plymouth, Mass. 
Scleria reticularis Michx. Winchester, 40 Plymouth, Mass. 
Merrimac Valley, Pelham, N.H.; 
Betula nigra L. Lawrence; North Andover; 115 Suffolk Co., L. I. 
l Ipswich (rare). 
Magnolia virginiana L. Essex and Magnolia Swamps, 120 Suffolk Co., L. I. 
becoming езу extinct. 
Crotalaria sagittalis L. чр. Winchester, Wake- 40 Plymouth, Mass. 
field, etc. 
Linum sulcatum Riddell. Peabody and Arlington. 40 Providence, R. I. 
Ilex opaca Ait. Rockport, where extinct since 36 Quincy, Mass. 
1880. 
Ilex glabra (L.) Gray. Wenham and Magnolia Swamps, 30 Blue Hill Reserv. 
where the growing shrubs are tion, Mass. 
rarely more than 2 feet high 
with stems 4 inch in diameter. 
Ludwigia sphaerocarpa Waltham, Bedford, Lowell, etc. 105 Guilford, Conn. & 
Ell, Suffolk Co., L. I. 
Sabatia stellaris Pursh. Amesbury and Salisbury. 50 Pembroke, Mass. 
Cuscuta arvensis Beyrich, Winchester. 90 Nantucket. 
Cuscuta compacta Juss. Tewksbury. 50 Lincoln, R. I. 
Coreopsis rosea Nutt. Winchester and Woburn, 40 Plymouth, Mass. 
Professor W. G. Farlow, in the Marine Algae of New England, p. 6, 
writes "In the town (now city) of Gloucester, near the village of 
Squam, is a small sheet of water called Goose Cove. In this cove, 
to my surprise, I found Rhabdonia tenera, Gracilaria multipartita, 
Chondria Вайеуапа, Polysiphonia Harveyi, and Polysiphonia Olneyi. 
In short the flora was entirely different from anything I had ever seen 
before north of Cape Cod.” 
II. A warmer period is indicated in Essex County, Massachusetts, 
and in other parts of New England, by the finding on our coast of a 
fossil marine fauna such as is now known to inhabit the mud on the 
coast primarily south of Cape Cod, where the waters of the bays are 
much warmer than on the coast of Essex County. In deep digging 
for the foundation of the Boston and Maine Railroad bridge across 
Parker River in Newbury, the workmen came upon a large bed of 
1 These distances are in a direct line taken from Colton’s Atlas. 
