1909] Lambert,— Two new Species of Characium 71 
By repeated transverse divisions the protoplast of the single cell 
divides into 8, 16, or 32 spores, fig. 24 (pl. 79). The regularity of 
approximately transverse divisions is frequently varied by a tendency 
toward the oblique, which may be confined to a few cells only, or may 
extend to the entire series. Longitudinal division usually begins 
after the protoplast has divided into 8 or 16 cells, though it may occur 
as early as the 4 cell stage. However, the above mentioned obliquity 
of the transverse divisions is usually so marked in the later stages 
(8-16 cell) that it is extremely difficult to determine whether division 
is transverse or longitudinal. In the individual illustrated in fig. 1 
(pl. 79) there are eight spores, apparently motile, a condition still fur- 
ther confirmed not only by their arrangement and shape, but also by 
the presence of the hyaline papilla (p) at the anterior end, in connection 
with which I observed evidence of flagellae too indistinct to be studied. 
One of the spores (b) is seen escaping from a lateral aperture. ‘There 
were but eight spores in the specimen shown in fig. 1 (pl. 79), but the 
unoccupied space in the containing cell would seem to indicate that 
the original number might have been 16, eight of which had been 
liberated. Fig. 7 (pl. 79) illustrates a cell containing 32 spores, which, 
from all appearances, were motile at the time of fixation. As the 
small amount of unoccupied space in the cell precludes 64 as the origi- 
nal number of the spores, it seems safe to assume that none of the spores 
had escaped. Apparently not more than eight or ten of the spores 
had been actively motile up to the time of fixation; moreover, with 
exception of the two detached spores near the base, the spores in the 
lower two thirds of the cell present the usual appearance of the proto- 
plast after its division into 32 cells. The difficulty, previously men- 
tioned, of interpreting the direction of planes of division is well illus- 
trated in this specimen. 
In another type of spore formation, by a process of segmentation, 
in its early stages indistinguishable from the foregoing, the protoplast 
divides into a very large number of small spores (fig. 8, pl. 79). In the 
more elongated specimens the number of these small spores certainly 
exceeds 1000, and in some cases perhaps 2000. ‘Their number is not 
constant, however, as advancement in segmentation is not coordinated 
with the length of the specimen. Moreover, it is certain that these 
small spores, when fully developed and ready to escape from the cell, 
are not of uniform size. The few scattered spores near the base of the 
cell, the perforated apex of which appears in fig. 23 (pl. 79), measured 
