1909] — Fernald,— North American Species of Barbarea 139 
Asch. Fl. Brandenb. i. 35 (1804).! B. Barbarea [as barbarea] MacMil- 
lan, Met. Minn. Val. 259 (1892). Campe Barbarea [as barbarea] W. F. 
Wight in Piper, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. xi. 303 (1906) as to syno- 
nyms but not as to plants cited.— Broo ksides, meadows, roadsides, 
and waste places, chiefly near settled regions, abundantly naturalized 
from Eurasia; New England to Michigan, Kansas, and Virginia.— 
A double-flowered form is established about the city of Quebec.’ 
Var. hirsuta (Weihe), n. comb. Basal leaves and often upper leaves 
and stem hirsute.— B. hirsuta Weihe, Flora, xiii. 257 (1830). B. 
vulgaris, 8. bracteata, sub-var. hirsuta Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. Fr. i. 
198 (1893) — Introduced in fields at North Berwick, Maine (Parlin). 
Var. BRACHYCARPA Rouy & Foucaud. Foliage as in typical В. 
vulgaris: siliques 1-1.5 em. long.— Fl. Fr. i. 198 (1893). B. stricta, 
form, Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. i, fasc. i, 150 (1895). Campe stricta 
W. F. Wight in Piper, Contrib. U. 5. Nat. Herb. xi. 303 (1906) as to 
plant, but not as to name-bringing synonym.— Introduced at Seattle, 
Washington (Piper). 
Var. LONGISILIQUOSA Carion. Foliage as in B. vulgaris: siliques 
closely appressed to the rhachis, 2-3 em. long.— B. vulgaris, subsp. 
B. rivularis. 8. longisiliquosa Carion, PI. Saóne-et-Loire, 16 (1859) 
according to Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. Fr. i. 199 (1893) — original 
description not seen. B. vulgaris, var. stricta Gray, Man. ed. 2, 35 
(1856) and subsequent authors, in part, not Regel. B. stricta Bor. 
Fl. Centre de la Fr. ii. 48 (1840); Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. i. fasc. i. 
150 (1895) as to the eastern plant in great part, not Andrz.— Natural- 
ized from eastern Quebec to Michigan, Missouri, and Virginia. 
* * Beak thickish, 0.5-1 (rarely 2) mm. long: uppermost leaves usually 
lyrate-pinnatifid. 
+ Basal leaves with numerous (10—20) lateral leaflets. 
B. verna (Mill) Asch. Leaves all pinnatifid; the basal with 
rounded-oval or -oblong terminal lobe and numerous smaller lateral 
lobes: petals 6-8 mm. long, bright yellow: pedicels 3-8 mm. long, as 
1 Barbarea lyrata Asch. was based on Erysimum lyratum Gilib. (1782), a name which 
antedates the maintained Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. (1812) by thirty years. But by 
Article 48 of the Vienna Code “the first specific epithet....must be retained or must be 
re-established, unless, in the new position there exists one of the obstacles indicated in 
the articles of section 7." and by Article 51 (1). “ Every one should refuse to admit а 
name....when the name is applied in the plant kingdom to a group which has an earlier 
valid name," Our plant as an Erysimum already had the valid name Erysimum Bar- 
barea L. (1753). therefore the specific name lyratum is inadmissible, For discussion of 
this principle of 'still-born (totgeborenen)” names see Schinz & Thelung, Bull. Herb. 
Boiss. Sér. 2, vii. 101 (1907), also circular-letter of 10 December, 1907; and Rendle & 
Britten, Journ. Bot. xlv 433 (1907). 
2 In June, 1895. Dr. B. L. Robinson collected at Waverly, Massachusetts, a plant which 
closely simulates the Asiatic B. plantaginea DC., but its immature condition renders it 
unwise so to name it with positiveness, B. plantaginea, which appears only varietally 
separable from B. vulgaris has all but the lowermost leaves elliptic or oblong and merely 
dentate, the principal cauline leaves ot B. vulgaris (excluding the uppermost) being 
lyrate-pinnatifid, 
