1909] Penhallow,— 'The Habitat of Rhodora 175 
Within the limits of the St. Andrews peninsula, Rhodora is abundant 
and widespread, occurring under somewhat widely different condi- 
tions of exposure and moisture; and as a detailed discussion of these 
features is desirable, it will be most profitable to deal with each locality 
studied. These are:— 
Indian Point. 
The eastern slope back of O’Neill’s slaughter house. 
The Protestant Cemetery. ' 
4. The eastern slope near the Algonquin hotel pumping house. 
The lower end ef the St. Andrews peninsula is known as Indian 
Point, and for our present purpose, may be regarded as embracing 
all that portion which lies to the south of the Canadian Pacific Railway. 
This area lies at a low level and is only slightly undulating. ‘The 
rather thin soil rests directly upon red sandstone, and it is so slightly 
above high water mark that the margin suffers marked erosion under 
the action of winter storms and tides, to such an extent that special 
means are required for the protection of the road skirting the beach. 
The drainage is, on the whole, good. Within the timbered area 
there is practically no bog land. At one or two points near the margin 
of the woods, soft spots are to be observed, but these dry out in early 
summer. Elsewhere, the floor of the forest is the same as that generally 
characteristic of moist woodlands, i. e. it is covered with moss, Cornus 
canadensis and the herbage usually found in such situations. Numer- 
ous roads are cut through the wooded area, and these show the best 
of drainage. 
The open areas are occupied chiefly by grasses and sedges, with 
scattering growths of Spiraea latifolia and Kalmia angustifolia. Apart 
from a small sink hole and a shallow bog of about one acre in extent, 
occupied entirely by Typha latifolia, there is nothing within the entire 
area of Indian Point, which falls under the designation of bog-land. 
At least three fourths of the entire area at Indian Point is occupied 
by a dense growth of wood. ‘This is composed, for the greater part, 
of black spruce and fir, and white cedar. With these there is mingled 
a large amount of the common alder. The trees within this area are 
all small, probably not exceeding 6-8 m., but the growth is so dense 
as to make it very difficult for one to penetrate to the interior. The 
floor is level, and wherever an opening admits sunlight, it is at once 
occupied by Diervilla Lonicera, Cornus canadensis and other plants 
common to open woodlands. 
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