1910] Fernald & Wiegand,— Arctium in North America 45 
ust 14, 1901 (B. L. Robinson), Maine: roadside, Houlton, August 12, 
1909 (Fernald & Wiegand, Fernald, no. 2269). New HAMPSHIRE: 
‘Tamworth, September 6, 1903 (F. S. Collins); Walpole, August 4, 
1900 (Noyes and Fernald, no. 380); near dwellings, Jaffrey, July 29, 
1897 (B. L. Robinson, no. 298). VERMONT: roadside, Westmore, 
July 26, 1896 (E. F. Williams). MassaAcuvsETTS: Malden, July 31, 
1887 (F. S. Collins); Sherborn, August 3, 1909 (Miss M. L. Loomis); 
waste land, Boston, August 11, 1898 (E. F. Williams). CONNECTI- 
cut: Plainville, August 31, 1904 (L. Andrews). 
'The typical form of this species has an involucre which is green 
throughout. 
Var. purpurascens (LeGrand) n. comb. Lappa major, sub-var. 
purpurascens LeGrand, Bull. Assoc. franc. Bot. ii. 69 (1899).— In- 
volucre strongly suffused with purple.— Typical specimen examined 
from VERMONT: roadside, Cornwall, August 22, 1900 (E. Brainerd). 
2. A. TOMENTOSUM Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8 (1768). Arctium Lappa 
8, L. Sp. Pl. 816 (1753). A. Bardana Willd. Sp. Pl. 1632 (1804). 
A. Lappa, var. tomentosum Gray, Synop. Fl. I, pt. 2, 397 (1878), at 
least as to synonyms. Lappa tomentosa Lam. | Fl. Fr. ii. 37 (1778). 
Typical specimens. MassacHusetrs: vacant lot, corner Parker 
Street and Buckingham Street, Cambridge, July 9, 1886 and July 28, 
1908 (Walter Deane); waste ground, Cambridge, August 30, 1908 (C. 
A. Weatherby, no. 3); field where rubbish had formerly been dumped, 
Westford, July 12 and 21, 1909 (Miss E. F. Fletcher). CONNECTICUT: 
waste ground, Naugatuck, July 19, 1908 C4. E. Blewitt, no. 16). 
3. A. NEMOROSUM Lejeune in Lejeune & Courtois, Comp. Fl. Belg. 
ii. 129 (1836). A. intermedium Bab. Man. Brit. Bot., ed. 8, 202 
(1881). 
This species is very variable and seems to occur with us in three 
pronounced forms which, owing to the need of further observations 
in the field and of clearer understanding of the Old World variations, 
it seems wisest to treat for the present without names. ‘The condi- 
tion in Europe is somewhat as follows. In many European manuals, 
in addition to the four species here treated, a fifth is given which is said 
to differ from A. nemorosum in having long-peduncled larger heads 
with the involucre more open above and more or less arachnoid. This 
is the A. intermedium of Lange (Dansk. Fl. ed. 1, 463, 1851), A. pubens 
of Babington (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xvii. 376, 1856), Lappa 
intermedia of Reichenbach (Icon. Fl. Germ. xv. 54, t. 812, 1853) also of 
Lange (Fl. Dan. t. 2663, 1861), and A. majus, sub-sp. nemorosum of 
Rouy and Foucaud (Fl. Fr. ix. 95, 1905). The exact status of this 
fifth species, however, is very confused, both as to whether it is distinct 
