1910] Fernald, A new Variety of Rhamnus 79 
0.5-3 dm. longis ramosissimis glabrescentibus vel paulo retrorso- 
scabris, internodiis longioribus 1-3 cm. longis; foliis plerumque 
is subinequalibus oblanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis | obtusis 
cuneatis 2-10 mm. longis 1-nerviis glabris vel margine et subtus in 
nervo scabris; floribus axillaribus solitariis vel binis; pedicellis ar- 
cuatis glabris demum 0.5-4 mm. longis; corollis minutis. albidis, 
lobis 3 obtusis; fructu glabro, carpellis maturis 0.8-1 mm. diametro, 
endospermo in sectione transversali annulare. 
Plants low and densely matted; the stems 0.5-3 dm. long, freely 
branched, smoothish or somewhat retrorse-scabrous, the longer 
internodes 1-3 cm. long: leaves mostly in 4s, somewhat unequal, 
oblanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, cuneate at base, 2-10 mm. 
long, I-nerved, smooth or somewhat retrorse-scabrous on the margin 
and midrib beneath: flowers axillary, solitary or paired: pedicels 
curved, glabrous, finally 0.5-4 mm. long: corolla minute, 3-lobed, the 
lobes obtuse, whitish: fruit glabrous, the mature carpels 0.8-1 mm. in 
diameter; cross-section of the endosperm annular.— QUEBEC: exsic- 
cated marl-pond near mouth of the Grand River, Gaspé County, 
August 11-15, 1904, Collins, Fernald & Pease, (type specimen in Gray 
Herb.). Maine: Arbor Vitae swamp, Mars Hill, September 8, 1896, 
Fernald: muddy flat of the Meduxnekeag River, New Limerick, 
August 13, 1909, Fernald & Wiegand — Fernald, no. 2169. 
A NEW Variety or RHAMNUS CAROLINIANA.— While attempting 
to find better characters for the separation of Rhamnus caroliniana 
Walt. and R. Frangula L. than those stated in the seventh edition of 
Gray's Manual, I noticed. that, although most of the material of 
R. caroliniana has glabrous or glabrate leaves, there are several sheets 
of specimens in the Gray Herbarium on which the mature leaves are 
densely velvety beneath, thus differing pronouncedly from the typical 
form of the species. This extreme variation may be called 
RHAMNUS CAROLINIANA Walt., var. mollis, n. var., foliis maturis 
subtus velutinis.— KENTUCKY: without statement of locality, C. W. 
Short. ILLINOIS: Grand ‘Tower, Geo. Vasey (type, in Gray Herb.). 
‘Texas: creek-banks, Houston, April 3, 1872, E. Hall, no. 99; un- 
common in woods, Columbia, April 15, 1899, B. F. Bush, no. 165.— 
M. L. FERNALD, Gray Herbarium. 
1 The mature leaves of Rhamnus Frangula are 3-7 cm, long, short-oblong to obo- 
vate; and the pedicels and calyces are glabrous or essentially so. The mature leaves 
of R. caroliniana, which apparently is unknown in the Atlantic States north of Virginia, 
are 4-15 cm. long; and the pedicels are distinctly pubescent, the calyx pubescent or 
rarely glabrate. 
