1910] Fernald and Wiegand,— Juncus effusus 85 
long, about equaling the petals: capsule olive-brown, rounded or 
slightly retuse and sometimes umbonate at apex, about equaling the 
peri: anth.— Typical specimens examined: NEwrouNDLAND: Bay 
of Islands, September 2, 1897, Waghorne, no. 41, August 10, 1899, 
Waghorne, no. 64; Bay St. George, August 5-7, 1901, Howe & Lang, 
no. 1031; near Topsail, Conception Bay, August 12-19, 1901, Howe 
& Lang, no. 1264; bank of Rennie's River, St. Johns, July 31, 1894, 
Robinson & Schrenk, no. 132. Prince Epwarp IstaND: "Tracadie 
Beach, July 29, 1901, Churchill. Nova Scota: Big Intervale, 
Cape Breton Island, July 18, 1898, J. Macoun, no. 20,730; North 
Sydney, July 21-25, 1901, Howe & Lang, no. 654; Sydney, August 
17, 1902, Fernald ; Kentville, August 22, 1902, Fernald. NEW BRUNS- 
WICK: Scovil's Brook, Westfie ld, August 8, 1909, Fernald & Wiegand. 
Maine: Pembroke, August 15, 1909, Fernald & Wiegand; Squirrel 
Island, August 2, 1892, Fernald; Long Island, Portland Harbor, 
August 14, 1904, Chamberlain & Fellows, no. 716. MASSACHUSETTS: 
Brush Hill Turnpike, Milton, July 7, 1853, Wm. Boott; Otis, Sep- 
tember 22, 1904, R. Hoffmann. British CorLUMBIA: vicinity of 
Ucleulet, Vancouver Island, Aug. 9, 1909, J. Macoun, no. 78,085, 
said to have been introduced with Cranberry plants and moss from 
Nova Scotia. (Also in Europe.) 
The variable size and diffuseness of the inflorescence in the different 
varieties of J. effusus may lead to some confusion in the interpretation 
of this variety. Although occasional specimens with condensed 
inflorescences of var. solutus, var. Pylaei, var. brunneus, var. gracilis, 
and perhaps of other varieties occur, the condensed character in this 
case accompanies definite structural characteristics, and seems to be 
fairly constant. The var. compactus, therefore, seems to be, in America, 
a real variety and not made up of forms with condensed inflorescences 
of different varieties. This variety differs from var. solutus in the com- 
pact inflorescence of smaller flowers with softer more spreading and 
more scarious perianth; from var. decipiens in the stouter culms with 
paler basal sheaths; and from var. Pylaei in the stouter culms with pale 
basal sheaths and condensed inflorescences of smaller flowers with 
shorter and much less rigid perianth. From var. conglomeratus it 
may be distinguished by the absence of coarse striations or ridges on 
the culm below the inflorescence; and from var. brunneus, with which 
it might be confused in the Northwest, by its coarser habit, paler 
flowers, broader less attenuate perianth-segments, and especially by its 
broad-ovate less attenuate prophylla, which in var. brunneus are 
narrow-ovate and long-attenuate. 
Var. COMGLOMERATUS Engelm. in Gray, Manual, ed. 5, 537 (1867 
