1910] Fernald and Wiegand, — Juncus effusus 91 
Plants tall and stout, pale-green, 6-17 dm. high: culms usually 
soft (in the Southern States commonly firmer), faintly many-striate, 
2-4.5 mm. in diameter at the top of the sheaths: sheaths large, rather 
loose, pale chocolate-brown below; the uppermost membraneous and 
pale-brown or stramineous toward the summit, rarely dark throughout, 
9-28 cm. long: involucral leaf 1-4 dm. long: inflorescence loose, 
often very large and diffuse, 4-14 cm. in diameter: sepals 2.7-3.3 mm. 
long, rather stiff and rigid (less so in southern material), the tips sub- 
appressed, about equaled by the petals; the back broad, greenish or 
pale-brown, usually not bordered by brown lateral bands and as broad 
as or broader than the narrow scarious margins; petals similar: 
capsule pale- or greenish-brown mostly slightly retuse, equaling or 
slightly longer than the perianth.— Typical specimens examined: 
Nova Scotia: “rare in low ground," Sydney, August 17, 1902, Fernald; 
Whycocogmah, Cape Breton Island, July 22, 1883, J. Macoun; near 
Pictou, July 12-18, 1901, /7owe & Lang, no. 475; Halifax Harbor, 
September 2-6, 1901, Howe & Lang, no. 1523; New Brunswick: 
Scovil’s Brook, Westfield, August S, 1909, Fernald & Wiegand, 
Fernald, no. 2223 (type in Gray Herb.). Maine: Pembroke, August 
15, 1909, Fernald & Wiegand; Orono, July, 1890, Fernald; Gilead, 
July, 1897, Kate Furbish; Bristol, August 6, 1807, E. B. Chamberlain, 
no. 413; East Auburn, July 19, 1886, E. D. Merrill, no. 1046. New 
Hampsuire: Warren, July 22, 1908, E. F. Williams. Massacnv- 
sETTS: Ipswich, Wm. Oakes; Revere, August 4, 1907, H. H. Bartlett, 
no. S81; Scituate, July 10, 1808, £. F. Williams; Centreville, August 
19, 1901, Clara Imogene Cheney; Pittsfield, September 23, 1899, R. 
Hoffmann. WnuopE Isvanp: Providence, June, 1845, Geo. Thurber, 
August 25, 1892 and July 30, 1893, J. F. Collins. CONNECTICUT: 
Colebrook, September 5, 1899, Fernald; East Haven, June 20, 1886, 
A. L. Winton. New York: Tannersville, July 28, 1903, €. S. 
Williamson, Herb. Acad. Phila., no. 508,454. New Jersey: Sea- 
bright, June 24, 1892, Ida A. Keller; Barnegat City, July 17, 1909, 
Bayard Long; Winslow, July 27, 1901, Witmer Stone, no. 1808. 
PENNSYLVANIA: Lehigh Co., 1887, 4. F. K. Krout; Island Park 
above Easton, July 14, 1897, T. C. Porter; West Philadelphia, June 14, 
1894, A. MacElwee, Herb. Acad. Phila., no. 517,955; Perkiomen, 
July 29, 1891, Joseph Crawford, Herb. Acad. Phila., no. 504,523. 
NortH CAROLINA: Biltmore, July 1, 1897, Biltmore Herb. no. 4086. 
SOUTH CAROLINA: no locality, M. A. Curtis: Santee Canal, H. W. 
Ravenel; Aiken, July 1866, H. W. Ravenel in Engelm. Herb. June. 
Bor. Am. Norm. no. S. GEorRGIA: Clarke County, June 18, 1900, 
R. M. Harper, no. 3; near Savannah, June 17, 1903, R. M. Harper, 
no. 1834. Fromipa: Eustis, Lake County, April 21, 1804, G. V. 
Nash, no. 452. INDIANA: Marion County, July 6, 1904, H. H. 
Bartlett; Licking, Blackford County, July 16, 1905, C. C. Deam, no. 
34. ILriNO:s: Jackson, July 22, 1899, I. M. Clokey. TENNESSEE: 
Henderson, June, 1892, S. M. Bain, no. 226, in part. ARKANSAS: 
