1910] Fernald and Wiegand,— Botanizing in Maine 103 
impression that eastern Maine is a vast wilderness, it is of great interest 
to find that these towns of eastern Washington County have a decided 
dignity and air of maturity and contentment. Several of them, in fact, 
were thriving communities before the end of the 18th century and 
Eastport (then including a part of Lubec) had become an incorporated 
town, ‘Throughout this area we watched optimistically for the rich 
soil and exuberant crops of X’s report, but if such spots existed sixty- 
odd years ago they were quickly built upon and not left in their 
primitive condition for the gratification of the present generation of 
botanizers. We had also been led, through the discussions in geologi- 
cal reports of remarkable limestone outcrops in Pembroke and else- 
where in the region, to expect a considerable degree of fertility, but 
the outcrops proved to be noteworthy chiefly because of the fossils 
they contain or for their verv limited extent. Where they were found, 
however, we were gratified to note signs of increased fertility and an 
unusual abundance of Crataegus, or in the swamps of such plants as 
Rhamnus alnifolia L'Her. In general, however, the region is com- 
posed of highly silicious or argillacious soils, with basalts on the outer 
coast, and seemed to us as infertile as much of the already familiar 
rocky coastal strip of eastern New England. 
The first impression one gains on reaching Pembroke at night or 
in the early morning is that he is surrounded by a typical Canadian 
flora. The northern Pinaceae — Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. and its 
var. phanerolepis Fernald,’ Picea canadensis (Mill) BSP., Larix 
laricina (Du Roi) Koch with either greenish or purplish cones, and 
Pinus resinosa Nit. — giving the prevailing tone to the forests. The 
first short walk before dinner introduced us to Carex Houghtonii 
Torr. and C. aenea Fernald, Eriophorum angustifolium Roth, Salix 
balsamifera Barratt, Alnus mollis Fernald, Rubus canadensis Lis 
Euphasia americana Wettst., Aster Lindleyanus T. & G., Senecio 
Robbinsiti Oakes, and other Canadian plants which afterward were 
seen almost daily. The fields and roadsides presented an appearance 
rather unexpected, for everywhere from Eastport to Pembroke and 
beyond (presumably to Cutler and Machias) were solid fields bril- 
liantly yellow in early July with one of the King Devil Weeds, Miera- 
cium floribundum Wimm. & Grab., which was found by Dr. Kennedy 
at Cutler in 1901 ? and is now the worst pest of eastern Washington 
1 RHODORA, xi. 203 (1909), 
? G. G. Kennedy, Ruopora, iv. 25 (1902) 
