1910] Fernald and Wiegand,— Botanizing in Maine 107 
or pink-tinged bells. The distribution of this very distinct Gaylus- 
sacia is notable, for it occurs in bogs and wet swamps all the way from 
Newfoundland to Louisiana, in New England at least rarely extending 
far from the coast. Yet the plants with which it is associated in the 
-Lubec bog and elsewhere in eastern Maine are chiefly polar types 
which do not extend far southward into the temperate areas of eastern 
America. 
The transition from the wetter portion of the heath at West Quoddy 
Head to the dry humus of the slopes and crests on the one hand is 
almost imperceptible, while in a lower depression at one edge of 
the bog the transition to brackish conditions is equally gradual. In 
this depression one of the most abundant plants is Triglochin palustris 
L. which follows the coast in brackish situations as far as Wells. Other 
plants of adjacent brackish and saline marshes are decidedly boreal 
species or varieties: Carex norvegica Willd., C. salina Wahlenb., var. 
fuliginea Blytt., Rumex occidentalis Watson, Stellaria humifusa 
Rottb., &c.; while the comparatively northern Juncus bufonius L., 
yar. halophilus Buchenau & Fernald, Polygonum Fowleri Robinson, 
and Galium trifidum L., var. halophilum Fernald & Wiegand? are 
occasionally found. And in scattered heaths and boggy depressions, 
though not noticed in the heath at West Quoddy Head, were Lycopo- 
dium annotinum L., var. pungens Desv., the characteristic extreme 
of the species as it occurs on our alpine summits and in Labrador, and 
Carex vaginata Tausch, one of the common alpine sedges of the Shick- 
shock Mts.; and in humus at Kingsport, on the Basin of Minas, at 
the head of the Bay of Fundy, Loiseleuria procumbens (L..) Desv. of 
our Arctic and subarctie barrens and alpine tablelands has been found. 
In general this narrow coastal subarctic strip extends along the 
outer mainland and islands to Great Cranberry Isle, and in less pro- 
nounced development to Monhegan and even beyond, so that it will 
be interesting to watch at some of the more southwesterly stations for 
plants which as yet are not known west of the Washington County 
coast — such as Lycopodium annotinum, var. pungens, Carex vaginata, 
Juncus bufonius, var. halophilus (also on Plum Island, Essex Co., 
Massachusetts), Comandra livida, Rumex occidentalis, Sagina nodosa 
(typical), Kuphrasia Randii, var. Farlowii, CGalium trifidum, var. 
halophilum, Solidago macrophylla, and Aster radula, var. strictus. 
1 Our plant is var. fuliginea Blytt, Norg. Fl, i, 219 (1861) and, according to Kükenthal, 
not var. cuspidata Wahlenb. which is typical Carex salina. 
2 See Ruopora, xii. 78 (1910). 
